Overdose

2018 ◽  
pp. 140-145
Author(s):  
Evie Marcolini ◽  
Anthony Tomassoni
Keyword(s):  
Anion Gap ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Deep Breathing ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Cardiovascular Instability ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Timely Fashion ◽  
Salicylate Intoxication

Salicylate intoxication can be fatal if not recognized and treated in a timely fashion. Presentation may be subtle, and complaints of tinnitus or observation of Kussmaul respirations (rapid, deep breathing secondary to acidosis) may be the clinician’s leading cues. Other signs may include hyperthermia, nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, confusion, diaphoresis, cardiovascular instability, and/or anion gap acidosis. Salicylate intoxication may be mistaken for sepsis, pneumonia, or ketoacidosis. Exposure may be chronic or acute - either can be deadly. Understanding the mechanisms of salicylate toxicity will guide diagnosis and treatment. Deciding whether or not to intubate and /or dialyze the patient are often critical determinanants of outcome. This chapter reviews recognition and management of this rare but potentially life-threatening toxicity.

scholarly journals Lidocaine: A Local Anesthetic, Its Adverse Effects and Management

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 782
Author(s):  
Entaz Bahar ◽  
Hyonok Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
Local Anesthetics ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Life Threatening

The most widely used medications in dentistry are local anesthetics (LA), especially lidocaine, and the number of recorded adverse allergic responses, particularly of hazardous responses, is quite low. However, allergic reactions can range from moderate to life-threatening, requiring rapid diagnosis and treatment. This article serves as a review to provide information on LA, their adverse reactions, causes, and management.

Cardiovascular complications of Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteraemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. e240341
Author(s):  
Michelle M de Leau ◽  
Remko S Kuipers
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Correct Treatment ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Pneumococcal Bacteraemia

The incidence of Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteraemia has risen due to a worldwide increase in immunocompromised patients and antibiotic resistance. We describe three patients who experienced severe, including cardiovascular, complications of pneumococcal bacteraemia. Cardiovascular complications related to pneumococci may run a fulminant course. However, some of these life-threatening complications (eg, endocarditis and aortitis) may long remain unnoticed or be misdiagnosed and therefore delay correct treatment. We review the literature with regards to the incidence, diagnosis and treatment of these rare but possibly lethal and hence important cardiovascular complications.

scholarly journals Thromboembolic Conditions, Aetiology Diagnosis and Treatment in Dogs and Cats

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Konečný
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Window Of Opportunity ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Human Counterpart ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Diagnostic Capabilities

In veterinary medicine, thrombo-embolism (TE) is an under-appreciated medical condition that requires immediate recognition. Since TE is multifactorial and its mode of presentation may vary, veterinarians face great difficulties in making a definitive diagnosis in a timely manner. In addition, most of the underlying conditions that give rise to TE are life-threatening and an aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic approach is required. Not only does the diagnosis and treatment of this condition require the collaboration of many specialties, the costs of therapy can be excessive with a high risk of recurrence. As such, owners have to be thoroughly informed before the therapy commences. While TE has been well-characterized in humans and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, little information of similar quality is available in veterinary medicine. In addition, TE in animals is distinct from its human counterpart and we cannot simply adapt what is known from human clinical trials. With the promise of improvements in imaging modalities that improve our diagnostic capabilities, the window of opportunity to treat TE increases. This article focuses on aetiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of dogs and cats affected by TE.

Angioedema and Maculopapular Eruptions Associated with Carbamazepine Administration

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 352-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alby Elias ◽  
Subramoniam Madhusoodanan ◽  
David Pudukkadan ◽  
James T. Antony
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Maculopapular Rash ◽  
Vascular Leakage ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Indian Woman ◽  
The Third ◽  
Rare Side Effect ◽  
Life Threatening

ABSTRACTCutaneous rashes and eruptions can be caused by many medications, including carbamazepine. The presentation can be varied depending on severity. Cutaneous eruptions occur in 3% of individuals administered carbamazepine. Angioedema, a rare side effect of carbamazepine, involves vascular leakage in dermis and subcutis mediated by immunoglobulin E and/or bradykinins. Angioedema is more common in females and in the third decade of life. We report the case of a 27-year-old Indian woman who developed maculopapular rash and angioedema secondary to carbamazepine administration. The patient responded successfully to withdrawal of the drug and treatment with antihistamines. Due to the potentially life-threatening complications of this condition and the increasing use of anticonvulsants in the treatment of mood disorders, psychiatrists must be aware of the diagnosis and treatment of this condition.

scholarly journals Platypnea: оne more type position shortness of breath

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
L. I. Dvoretskiy ◽  
V. V. Rezvan
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Severe Liver ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cardiac Pathology

The article presents modern data on the causes of platypnea, methods of its diagnosis and treatment. The data on the development of platypnea syndrome are given not only in cardiac pathology, but also in severe liver diseases with the development of hepatopulmonary syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of a severe course.

scholarly journals Recurring Anaphylaxis: A New Line of Questioning for your HPI

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Wahid Lana ◽  
◽  
Aziz Sameh ◽  
Abraham Christina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Reaction ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Tick Bites ◽  
Ige Antibody ◽  
Delayed Onset ◽  
The Past ◽  
Delayed Anaphylaxis ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Mammalian Meat

Anaphylaxis is a serious life-threatening allergic reaction that typically has an immediate onset. It can present as flushing, angioedema, shortness of breath, rash and result in death if not treated immediately. In the past ten years, an emerging cause of delayed anaphylaxis has been identified. An IgE antibody to a mammalian oligosaccharide epitope (alpha-gal, or galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose) has been linked to both immediate and delayed onset anaphylaxis. The immediate form is associated with the first exposure to cetuximab; whereas the delayed onset occurs after ingestion of mammalian meat such as beef and pork. The presentation can develop 2-6 hours after ingestion. This IgE antibody to alpha-gal is strongly suggested that Lone Star tick bites have been the culprit. It is imperative when caring for an anaphylaxis patient of unknown etiology, to consider a line of questioning to not only include recent tick bites, but also last 2-3 meals ingested to identify if mammalian meat may have been the trigger.

scholarly journals Cardiac Arrest Secondary to Bilateral Pulmonary Emboli following Arteriovenous Fistula Thrombectomy: A Case Report with Review of the Literature

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avni Shah ◽  
Naheed Ansari ◽  
Zaher Hamadeh
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistula ◽  
Pulmonary Emboli ◽  
Hemodialysis Access ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Timely Fashion ◽  
Pulmonary Embolization ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Number of patients with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is growing worldwide. Hemodialysis remains the main modality of renal replacement therapy for ESRD patients. A patent hemodialysis access (arteriovenous fistula or arteriovenous graft) plays a key role in successful delivery of hemodialysis. Common vascular access issues encountered by patients and nephrologists are thrombosis and infection. The thrombosed access is declotted by various percutaneous techniques these days by multiple outpatient access centers in a timely fashion. Thrombolysis can give rise to various complications, a few of which can be life threatening. A young hemodialysis patient underwent percutaneous thrombolysis of his clotted arteriovenous fistula. Outpatient access thrombectomy was complicated immediately afterwards with cardiac arrest requiring cardiac resuscitation in the recovery room. The patient was admitted to intensive care unit after life sustaining care. Work up revealed multiple pulmonary emboli to both lung fields on CT scan of the chest. Patient was anticoagulated and discharged from the hospital. Thrombolysis of clotted hemodialysis access is associated commonly with occurrences of pulmonary embolic which are usually asymptomatic. Massive pulmonary embolization due to access thrombolysis is rare. Nephrologists and radiologists should be aware of this dangerous complication particularly in patients with preexisting cardiopulmonary disease.

Intraventricular Tension Pneumocephalus as a Complication of Paranasal Sinus Surgery

Neurosurgery ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 574-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dudley H. Davis ◽  
Edward R. Laws ◽  
Thomas J. McDonald ◽  
John R. Salassa ◽  
Lawrence H. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Paranasal Sinus ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Tension Pneumocephalus ◽  
Paranasal Sinus Surgery ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis

Abstract A case of intraventricular tension pneumocephalus occurring as a complication of paranasal sinus surgery is presented. The pathophysiology of tension pneumocephalus is discussed and emphasis is placed on the potentially life-threatening increase in intracranial pressure that occurs. Tension pneumocephalus requires prompt diagnosis and treatment.

Dyspnea and Hemoptysis after a Rigorous, Open-Water Swim

2018 ◽  
pp. 355-359
Author(s):  
Patrick Engelbert ◽  
John Haggerty ◽  
Steven Portouw
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Military Recruits ◽  
Healthy Athlete ◽  
Symptoms And Signs ◽  
Rule Out

The case illustrates the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with swimming-induced pulmonary edema (SIPE), an uncommon cause of pulmonary edema in triathletes and military recruits. The pathophysiology is not completely understood but is thought to relate to the effects caused by immersion in conjunction with vigorous exertion. Diagnosis is by history and physical, with the prototypical SIPE patient being a previously healthy athlete exhibiting acute onset edema while exercising in the water. Typical symptoms and signs include shortness of breath, hypoxia, rales, and cough, which may or may not be productive with pink, frothy sputum. Radiographs may be obtained but are mainly obtained to rule out other diagnoses including pneumonia and pneumothorax. Treatment is supportive, although some evidence is mounting that shows decreasing rates of SIPE with prophylactic sildenafil.

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