Sad mood and changes in behavior after exposure to a traumatic reminder
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a trauma- and stressor-related disorder that may affect individuals who have experienced a traumatic event. Symptoms of PTSD include intrusion symptoms, avoidance of stimuli associated with the traumatic event, negative alterations in cognition and mood, and alterations in arousal and reactivity. Intrusion symptoms in children may manifest as repetitive play in which themes from the trauma are expressed. Children are often unaware of the connection between their repetitive play and the trauma. Additionally, children may experience frightening dreams without recognizable content. Compared to adults, youth may be less able to describe traumatic events and complex emotional states. It is not uncommon to be unable to recall specific events about the trauma. The evidence supporting the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in youth with PTSD is mixed. Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) has the greatest empirical support for pediatric PTSD.