Heart valve disease (mitral valve disease): anatomy and morphology of the mitral valve
The mitral valve is a complex anatomical structure that includes the valve tissue (leaflets), the left atrioventricular junction (annulus), and the valve suspension system (chordae tendineae, papillary muscles, and left ventricle). Its functional anatomy can be analysed using two- and three-dimensional transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography. Based on certain hallmarks (commissures, clefts), in vivo mitral valve tissue anatomy can be accurately categorized. In addition, three-dimensional reconstruction provides a quantitative model for comprehensive valve analysis. This chapter describes the anatomy and morphology of the mitral valve, including the subvalvular suspension system and functional anatomy and dynamics of the mitral annulus.