Heart valve disease (mitral valve disease): mitral stenosis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan A. Popescu ◽  
Shantanu P. Sengupta ◽  
Niloufar Samiei ◽  
Anca D. Mateescu
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Mitral Stenosis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Valve Disease ◽  
Heart Valve Disease ◽  
Mean Pressure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Echocardiographic Findings

The most common cause of mitral stenosis (MS) is rheumatic fever followed by degenerative MS. Echocardiography is the key method to diagnose and evaluate MS. Echocardiographic findings are closely related to aetiology. In rheumatic disease echocardiography shows thickening of leaflet tips with restricted opening caused by commissural fusion resulting in ‘doming’ of the mitral valve in diastole. Quantitation of MS severity includes measuring mitral valve area (MVA) by planimetry (anatomical area, by two-/three-dimensional echo), or by the pressure half-time (PHT) method (functional area, by Doppler), and the mean pressure gradient. Planimetry is considered the reference method to determine MVA as it is relatively load independent. The PHT method is widely used due to its simplicity, but different factors influence the relationship between PHT and MVA. Other indices of MS severity are rarely used in clinical practice. Echocardiography also helps in the assessment of consequences of MS, and of associated valvular lesions. Exercise Doppler is recommended when there is discrepancy between the resting echocardiography findings and the clinical picture. Echocardiography is crucial in determining the timing and type of intervention in patients with MS. When considering percutaneous mitral commissurotomy (PMC) valve morphology should be comprehensively evaluated for mobility, thickness, calcifications, and subvalvular apparatus. The echo findings may determine the suitability for PMC, guide the procedure, and assess its results.

scholarly journals Vertebral Heart Scale for the Brittany Spaniel: Breed-Specific Range and Its Correlation with Heart Disease Assessed by Clinical and Echocardiographic Findings

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Anthony Kallassy ◽  
Elodie Calendrier ◽  
Nora Bouhsina ◽  
Marion Fusellier
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Mitral Valve Disease ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Lateral View ◽  
Valve Disease ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Heart Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Echocardiographic Findings

The vertebral heart scale (VHS) was proposed by Buchanan and Bucheler as an objective method for estimating heart size in dogs. However, several studies have reported significant variation between breeds. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the VHS and to suggest a useful upper limit for normal heart size in Brittany Spaniels. The VHS was measured using a right lateral view in twenty-eight normal dogs and fifteen dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease. The mean ± SD (standard deviation) VHS was 10.6 ± 0.2 vertebrae (v) in the normal dogs, which differs significantly from the mean VHS of 9.7 ± 0.5 v in Buchanan’s original study with dogs of various breeds. The VHS in the dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease was 11.9 ± 1.1 v. With a threshold value of 11.1 vertebrae, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for diagnosing a cardiomegaly are 90%, 72%, 53% and 96%, respectively.

scholarly journals Correlation between Mitral Valve Area and Right Ventricle Function based on TAPSE (Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion) Parameter in Mitral Stenosis Patient

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Hashina Zulfa ◽  
Erika Maharani ◽  
Hasanah Mumpuni
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Mitral Stenosis ◽  
Right Ventricle Function ◽  
Mitral Valve Area ◽  
Spearman Correlation Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ventricle Function ◽  
Valve Area

Background: Mitral stenosis is the most common mitral valve disease found in Indonesia. Mechanical obstruction of blood flow from left atrium to left ventricle is compensated by pressure elevation in the left atrium and pulmonary circulation. It leads to right ventricle dysfunction which can be scored using TAPSE (Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion) Parameter.Aim: The goal of this study is to assess the relationship between mitral valve area and right ventricle function based on TAPSE parameter in mitral stenosis patient.Methods: This study was conducted in Dr. Sardjito Hospital from May until July 2017. This was a part of mitral stenosis registry study. The parameter used was planimetry mitral valve area and TAPSE from echocardiography. The relationship between mitral valve area and TAPSE score we reanalyzed using Spearman correlation test in SPSS software.Results: The total sample included in this study was 132 people, consisted of thirty-eight (28.79%) males and ninety-four (71.21%) females. The range of the subjects’age was 18 68 year oldand the mean was 43.31±11.13 year old. The body mass index median was 21.24 (14.24–35.38) kg/m2. The subjects were dominated by severe degree mitral stenosis patients, those were ninety-three (70.45%) people, followed by moderate degree patients, those were thirty-two (24.24%) people, and mild degree patients, those were seven (5.30%) people. Twenty-eight (21.21%) people had isolated mitral stenosis. The mitral valve area median was 0.8 (0.27–1.90) cm2. The TAPSE score range was 6–30 mm and the mean was 17.48±4.58 mm. The result from Spearman correlation test showed that the relationship strength between mitral valve area and TAPSE score were very weak (r=0.167) with significant p-value (p=0.028).Conclusion: There is a statistically significant positive relationship with very weak strength between mitral valve area and TAPSE score as a right ventricle function parameter in mitral stenosis patients (r = 0.167, p = 0.028).

Heart valve disease (mitral valve disease): anatomy and morphology of the mitral valve

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni La Canna
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Suspension System ◽  
Valve Disease ◽  
Heart Valve Disease ◽  
Chordae Tendineae ◽  
Valve Tissue

The mitral valve is a complex anatomical structure that includes the valve tissue (leaflets), the left atrioventricular junction (annulus), and the valve suspension system (chordae tendineae, papillary muscles, and left ventricle). Its functional anatomy can be analysed using two- and three-dimensional transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography. Based on certain hallmarks (commissures, clefts), in vivo mitral valve tissue anatomy can be accurately categorized. In addition, three-dimensional reconstruction provides a quantitative model for comprehensive valve analysis. This chapter describes the anatomy and morphology of the mitral valve, including the subvalvular suspension system and functional anatomy and dynamics of the mitral annulus.

Heart valve disease (mitral valve disease): mitral regurgitation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizio Lancellotti ◽  
Raluca Dulgheru ◽  
Mani Vannan ◽  
Kiyoshi Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Valve Disease ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Heart Valve Disease ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Clinical Context ◽  
Echocardiographic Study

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is increasingly prevalent in Europe. Echocardiography has a key role in the diagnosis and management of patients with MR. Each echocardiographic study in patients with MR should aim to characterize mitral valve morphology, identify the mechanism of valve dysfunction, quantify the severity of MR, and give hints regarding the aetiology of the disease affecting the valve. Assessment of MR severity should be based on a step-wise approach including two-dimensional-derived Doppler data and, when available, data derived from three-dimensional echocardiography. MR assessment by quantitative methods should be implemented in each patient when possible. It is imperative not only to quantify the MR severity, but also to assess its consequences on the left ventricle, left atrium, and pulmonary vascular bed and to put everything into the clinical context (presence of symptoms, individual risk assessment, etc.) before taking any decision to correct the valvular incompetence. A rigorous echocardiographic study and a correct interpretation in the individual clinical context are needed to decide if the patient should be operated on or followed up closely. Exercise stress echocardiography, when appropriate, should be part of the evaluation algorithm in patients with both primary and secondary MR, as it has proved to be useful in individual risk stratification.

scholarly journals A Field Measurement Based Wind Characteristics Analysis of a Typhoon in Near-Ground Boundary Layer

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 873
Author(s):  
Dandan Xia ◽  
Liming Dai ◽  
Li Lin ◽  
Huaifeng Wang ◽  
Haitao Hu
Keyword(s):  
Turbulence Intensity ◽  
Field Measurement ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Wind Data ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Gust Factor ◽  
Characteristics Analysis ◽  
Wind Characteristics ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

The field measurement was conducted to observe the wind field data of West Pacific typhoon “Maria” in this research. With the application of ultrasonic anemometers installed in different heights (10 m, 80 m, 100 m) of the tower, the three dimensional wind speed data of typhoon “Maria” was acquired. In addition, vane-type anemometers were installed to validate the accuracy of the wind data from ultrasonic anemometers. Wind characteristics such as the mean wind profile, turbulence intensity, integral length scale, and wind spectrum are studied in detail using the collected wind data. The relationship between the gust factor and turbulence intensity was also studied and compared with the existing literature to demonstrate the characteristics of Maria. The statistical characteristics of the turbulence intensity and gust factor are presented. The corresponding conclusion remarks are expected to provide a useful reference for designing wind-resistant buildings and structures.

Evaluating the Effect of Three-Dimensional Visualization on Force Application and Performance Time during Robotics-Assisted Mitral Valve Repair

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria E. Currie ◽  
Ana Luisa Trejos ◽  
Reiza Rayman ◽  
Michael W.A. Chu ◽  
Rajni Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Haptic Feedback ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Mitral Valve Annuloplasty ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of three-dimensional (3D) binocular, stereoscopic, and two-dimensional (2D) monocular visualization on robotics-assisted mitral valve annuloplasty versus conventional techniques in an ex vivo animal model. In addition, we sought to determine whether these effects were consistent between novices and experts in robotics-assisted cardiac surgery. Methods A cardiac surgery test-bed was constructed to measure forces applied during mitral valve annuloplasty. Sutures were passed through the porcine mitral valve annulus by the participants with different levels of experience in robotics-assisted surgery and tied in place using both robotics-assisted and conventional surgery techniques. Results The mean time for both the experts and the novices using 3D visualization was significantly less than that required using 2D vision (P < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the maximum force applied by the novices to the mitral valve during suturing (P = 0.7) and suture tying (P = 0.6) using either 2D or 3D visualization. The mean time required and forces applied by both the experts and the novices were significantly less using the conventional surgical technique than when using the robotic system with either 2D or 3D vision (P < 0.001). Conclusions Despite high-quality binocular images, both the experts and the novices applied significantly more force to the cardiac tissue during 3D robotics-assisted mitral valve annuloplasty than during conventional open mitral valve annuloplasty. This finding suggests that 3D visualization does not fully compensate for the absence of haptic feedback in robotics-assisted cardiac surgery.

Stroke in Patients with Infective Endocarditis: A 15-Year Single-Center Cohort Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui-fang Cao ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Qi Bi
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Hospital Deaths ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Medical University ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rheumatic Valvular Disease ◽  
Mitral Valve Vegetation

Objective: To explore the relationship between infective endocarditis (IE) and stroke. Methods: The clinical data of patients diagnosed with IE from January 2003 to December 2017 in Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. Results: A total of 861 patients (mean age: 40.79 ± 16.27 [SD]) with IE was recruited. Vegetations were confirmed in 97.32% of all the patients, among whom 296 were diagnosed with congenital heart disease and another 53 with rheumatic valvular disease. The most common pathogens were Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and various types of fungi (13.12, 7.31, and 1.16% respectively). Out of the 138 patients diagnosed with stroke, 101 cases were of ischemic stroke, 23 cases were of hemorrhagic stroke, and 12 cases were of concurrent ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. There were 31 patients who had infarction lesions in more than 2 vascular systems. The mean age of stroke patients was significantly higher than that of patients without stroke (45.76 ± 17.88 vs. 39.83 ± 15.77, p = 0.000). The incidence of mitral valve vegetation (57.24 vs. 43.01%, p = 0.002), atrial fibrillation (4.34 vs. 1.38%, p = 0.018), fungal infection (2.89 vs. 0.83%, p = 0.038) in patients with stroke was significantly higher than those without stroke. Mitral valve vegetation (OR 1.648; 95% CI 1.113–2.442) and age (OR 1.019; 95% CI 1.007–1.032) were independent risk factors for stroke in IE patients. Stroke increased the risk of hospital deaths (OR 7.673 95%CI 3.634–16.202). Conclusion: Stroke is a common complication of IE. Mitral valve vegetation and old age may incerease the risk of stroke in patients with IE.

An Investigation of the Forces on Three Dimensional Bluff Bodies in Rough Wall Turbulent Boundary Layers

1977 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Lee ◽  
B. F. Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bluff Bodies ◽  
Drag Forces ◽  
Pressure Distributions ◽  
Mean Pressure ◽  
Flow Phenomena ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Building Ventilation ◽  
Group Density

A study has been made of the influence of grouping parameters on the mean pressure distributions experienced by three dimensional bluff bodies immersed in a turbulent boundary layer. The range of variable parameters has included group density, group pattern and incident flow type and direction for a simple cuboid element form. The three flow regimes associated with increasing group density are reflected in both the mean drag forces acting on the body and their associated pressure distributions. A comparison of both pressure distributions and velocity profile parameters with established work on two dimensional bodies shows close agreement in identifying these flow regime changes. It is considered that the application of these results may enhance our understanding of some common flow phenomena, including turbulent flow over rough surfaces, building ventilation studies and environmental wind around buildings.

scholarly journals Perioperative Management of Sectio Caesarea Surgery in Patient With Heart Valve Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Purwoko Purwoko ◽  
Zidni Afrokhul Athir
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Heart Valve ◽  
Mitral Stenosis ◽  
Valve Disease ◽  
Heart Valve Disease ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
In Pregnancy

<div class="WordSection1"><p>Cardiovascular disease in pregnancy is common range from 1% to 3 and contributes to 10-15% of maternal mortality. Valvular heart disease accounts for about 25% of cases of cardiac complications in pregnancy and important cause of maternal mortality, some of which are mitral stenosis and mitral regurgitation. Cesarean delivery remains the preferred choice, as it reduces the hemodynamic changes that can occur in normal delivery and allows for better monitoring and hemodynamic management. Our paper provide in-depth information regarding the pathophysiology of heart valve disease in pregnant women and an appropriate perianesthesia approach to obtain a good prognosis. We report a case of a 26-year-old pregnant woman, with obstetric status G1P0A0, 36 weeks’ gestation, body weight 61 kg accompanied by severe mitral regurgitation and moderate mitral stenosis. This patient was planned to undergo elective cesarean section. The patient's condition in the perioperative examination was: GCS E4V5M6, other vital signs within normal limits, SpO2 98-99% in supine position. Other physical and laboratory examinations were also within normal limits. The goal of anesthesia during surgery in patients with heart valve disease undergoing cesarean section maintain pulmonary capillary pressure to prevent acute pulmonary edema. In this case, regional anesthesia of epidural anesthesia was chosen because it can reduce systemic vascular resistance and provide better post-cesarean section pain. The patient's hemodynamics perianesthesia tended to be stable without any complications such as pulmonary edema.</p><p> </p><p> </p></div><br clear="all" /> <br /><p> </p>

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