Molluscum contagiosum

Oxford Textbook of Medicine ◽

10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0103 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 949-951

Author(s):

David A. Warrell ◽

Christopher P. Conlon

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Atopic Eczema ◽

Molluscum Contagiosum ◽

Sexually Active ◽

Dna Virus ◽

Skin Contact ◽

Stratum Spinosum ◽

Severe Infections ◽

Active Adults

Molluscum contagiosum is caused by a Molluscipox DNA virus which infects keratinocytes of the epidermal stratum spinosum, producing distinctive small umbilicated papules on the skin. Its genome encodes a variety of proteins that suppress the host’s immune response. In children it is spread by skin contact, producing few or many lesions, while in sexually active adults it causes anogenital lesions. Molluscum is self-limiting within a few years in the immunocompetent, but those with pre-existing atopic eczema and immunosuppression, notably AIDS, commonly develop persistent diffuse eruptions with larger papules. Lesions can be removed mechanically or chemically. More severe infections can be treated with imiquimod or cidofovir.

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Molluscum contagiosum

Oxford Textbook of Medicine ◽

10.1093/med/9780199204854.003.070528_update_001 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 657-659

Author(s):

David A. Warrell

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Atopic Eczema ◽

Molluscum Contagiosum ◽

Sexually Active ◽

Dna Virus ◽

Skin Contact ◽

Stratum Spinosum ◽

Severe Infections ◽

Active Adults

Molluscum contagiosum is caused by a Molluscipox DNA virus which infects keratinocytes of the epidermal stratum spinosum, producing distinctive small umbilicated papules on the skin. Its genome encodes a variety of proteins that suppress the host’s immune response. In children it is spread by skin contact, producing few or many lesions, while in sexually active adults it causes anogenital lesions. Molluscum is self-limiting within a few years in the immunocompetent, but those with preexisting atopic eczema and immunosuppression, notably AIDS, commonly develop persistent diffuse eruptions with larger papules. Lesions can be removed mechanically or chemically. More severe infections can be treated with imiquimod or cidofovir....

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Chemotherapy with paclitaxel for recalcitrant molluscum contagiosum in an HIV-infected patient

BMJ Case Reports ◽

10.1136/bcr-2020-240776 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. e240776

Author(s):

Shannon Ugarte ◽

Sino Mehrmal ◽

Kevin Knopf

Keyword(s):

Skin Infection ◽

Social Stigma ◽

Molluscum Contagiosum ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Sexually Active ◽

Multiple Treatment ◽

The Social ◽

History Of ◽

Active Adults ◽

Cd4 T Cell Count

Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a viral skin infection seen in children, sexually active adults and immunocompromised populations. It is usually a self-limiting illness that typically spontaneously resolves without therapeutic intervention. However, when the papules are extensive or refractory causing complications or aesthetic issues, multiple treatment modalities exist to relieve symptoms, limit spread and decrease the social stigma associated with visible lesions. Treatment is especially important in HIV/AIDS infected populations, where prevalence is estimated between 5% and 18% and susceptibility to larger, widespread and recalcitrant lesions involving atypical distributions is more common. We evaluated a 38-year-old woman with a history of AIDS (CD4+ T cell count <25 cells/µL) and poor adherence with antiretroviral therapy who presented with a 9-month history of persistent, progressively worsening facial and truncal umbilicated papules consistent with recalcitrant MC refractory to cidofovir injections. She was successfully treated with paclitaxel with complete resolution of the lesions after four cycles without adverse effects.

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Lack of Host Cellular Immune Response in Eruptive Molluscum Contagiosum

American Journal of Dermatopathology ◽

10.1097/00000372-198906000-00009 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 248-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Madalene C.Y. Heng ◽

Michael E. Steuer ◽

Aaron Levy ◽

Sonia McMahon ◽

Mark Richman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Cellular Immune Response ◽

Molluscum Contagiosum ◽

Cellular Immune

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Awareness of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV Prevention among Sexually Active Adults in Omoku, Rivers State, Nigeria

10.7176/jhmn/88-08 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Hiv Prevention ◽

Sexually Active ◽

Exposure Prophylaxis ◽

Rivers State ◽

Active Adults

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COVID-19 and the Differences in Physiological Background Between Children and Adults and Their Clinical Consequences

Physiological Research ◽

10.33549/physiolres.934759 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. S209-S225

Author(s):

L KAPUSTOVA ◽

O PETROVICOVA ◽

P BANOVCIN ◽

M ANTOSOVA ◽

A BOBCAKOVA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Innate Immune Response ◽

Age Groups ◽

Specific Effect ◽

The Elderly ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Viral Particles ◽

Clinical Consequences ◽

Severe Infections ◽

Physiological Background

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has indeed been one of the most significant problems facing the world in the last decade. It has affected (directly or indirectly) the entire population and all age groups. Children have accounted for 1.7 % to 2 % of the diagnosed cases of COVID-19. COVID-19 in children is usually associated with a mild course of the disease and a better survival rate than in adults. In this review, we investigate the different mechanisms which underlie this observation. Generally, we can say that the innate immune response of children is strong because they have a trained immunity, allowing the early control of infection at the site of entry. Suppressed adaptive immunity and a dysfunctional innate immune response is seen in adult patients with severe infections but not in children. This may relate to immunosenescence in the elderly. Another proposed factor is the different receptors for SARS-CoV-2 and their differences in expression between these age groups. In infants and toddlers, effective immune response to viral particles can be modulated by the pre-existing non-specific effect of live attenuated vaccines on innate immunity and vitamin D prophylaxis. However, all the proposed mechanisms require verification in larger cohorts of patients. Our knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 is still developing.

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