Guinea worm disease (dracunculiasis)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1495-1500
Author(s):  
Richard Knight
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Prodromal Symptoms ◽  
Guinea Worm ◽  
Safe Water ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Sub Saharan

Guinea worm disease (dracunculiasis)—now limited to sub-Saharan Africa—is caused by the nematode Dracunculus medinensis, whose life cycle involves aquatic copepod crustaceans. Humans are infected when they drink water containing infective larvae. Adult worms enter subcutaneous tissue and can reach a metre in length. Clinical presentation is usually with a skin blister, most often on the leg, sometimes preceded by allergic prodromal symptoms. Bacterial infection and local scarring with disability are common complications. Most patients in endemic areas recognize their condition, but irrigation of ulcers can reveal larvae. Treatment is by physical removal of the worm; anthelmintics have no role in management. Provision of safe water for drinking is the key to prevention. The disease is now nearing eradication.

Guinea worm disease (dracunculiasis)

2010 ◽  
pp. 1160-1162
Author(s):  
Richard Knight
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Common Complication ◽  
Prodromal Symptoms ◽  
Guinea Worm ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Water Borne

Guinea-worm disease (dracunculiasis)—now limited to sub-Saharan Africa—is caused by the nematode Dracunculus medinensis, whose life cycle involves water-borne copepod crustaceans and humans, who acquire the infection when they drink water containing infective larvae. Clinical presentation is usually with a skin blister, most often on the leg, sometimes preceded by allergic prodromal symptoms. Bacterial infection is a common complication. Most patients in endemic areas recognize their condition, but irrigation of ulcers can reveal larvae. Treatment is by physical removal of the worm; anthelmintics have no role in management. Provision of safe water for drinking is the key to prevention....

scholarly journals Melanoma of the Right Foot Simulating Kaposi’s Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
K. A. Kouassi ◽  
K. Kassi ◽  
K. Kouamé ◽  
M. A. Oussou ◽  
I. Kouassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Tumor ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Partial Resection ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Visceral Metastasis ◽  
Atypical Clinical Presentation ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

Melanoma is a malignant tumor rarely being described in sub-Saharan Africa. We reported an unusual and atypical clinical presentation. It was a 59-year-old patient who was hospitalized for a monomelic black tumor evolving for 10 years. Histopathological examination confirmed the melanocytic origin of this tumor. Paraclinical assessment did not find any visceral metastasis. A partial resection of the tumor was performed. The patient left the hospital against medical consent due to lack of technical facilities. The delay in the consultation and the lack of knowledge of melanoma by doctors and patients might contribute to the severity and the difficulties of its management.

scholarly journals Neonatal severe bacterial infection impairment estimates in South Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America for 2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 74 (S1) ◽  
pp. 73-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna C. Seale ◽  
◽  
Hannah Blencowe ◽  
Anita Zaidi ◽  
Hammad Ganatra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Severe Bacterial Infection ◽  
Sub Saharan

Proteomics and theTrypanosoma bruceicytoskeleton: advances and opportunities

Parasitology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 139 (9) ◽  
pp. 1168-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
NEIL PORTMAN ◽  
KEITH GULL
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Molecular Composition ◽  
Etiological Agent ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Cell Cycles ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
High Level

SUMMARYTrypanosoma bruceiis the etiological agent of devastating parasitic disease in humans and livestock in sub-saharan Africa. The pathogenicity and growth of the parasite are intimately linked to its shape and form. This is in turn derived from a highly ordered microtubule cytoskeleton that forms a tightly arrayed cage directly beneath the pellicular membrane and numerous other cytoskeletal structures such as the flagellum. The parasite undergoes extreme changes in cellular morphology during its life cycle and cell cycles which require a high level of integration and coordination of cytoskeletal processes. In this review we will discuss the role that proteomics techniques have had in advancing our understanding of the molecular composition of the cytoskeleton and its functions. We then consider future opportunities for the application of these techniques in terms of addressing some of the unanswered questions of trypanosome cytoskeletal cell biology with particular focus on the differences in the composition and organisation of the cytoskeleton through the trypanosome life-cycle.

Dementia With Lewy Bodies in a Nigerian: A Case Report

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adesola Ogunniyi ◽  
Effiong E. U. Akang ◽  
Oye Gureje ◽  
Masaki Takao ◽  
Pedro Piccardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Nigerian Subjects ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Possible Cause

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most common neuropathologically diagnosed cause of degenerating dementia after Alzheimer's disease. We report the first autopsy-confirmed case in sub-Saharan Africa in a Nigerian patient. The case presented highlights the varied clinical presentation of DLB, and is intended to raise awareness about another possible cause of dementia in Nigerian subjects.

scholarly journals Interaction between M. tuberculosis Lineage and Human Genetic Variants Reveals Novel Pathway Associations with Severity of TB

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1487
Author(s):  
Michael L. McHenry ◽  
Eddie M. Wampande ◽  
Moses L. Joloba ◽  
LaShaunda L. Malone ◽  
Harriet Mayanja-Kizza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Human Genomes ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Cellular Replication

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health threat globally, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Both human and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTBC) genetic variation affect TB outcomes, but few studies have examined if and how the two genomes interact to affect disease. We hypothesize that long-term coexistence between human genomes and MTBC lineages modulates disease to affect its severity. We examined this hypothesis in our TB household contact study in Kampala, Uganda, in which we identified three MTBC lineages, of which one, L4.6-Uganda, is clearly derived and hence recent. We quantified TB severity using the Bandim TBscore and examined the interaction between MTBC lineage and human single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genome-wide, in two independent cohorts of TB cases (n = 149 and n = 127). We found a significant interaction between an SNP in PPIAP2 and the Uganda lineage (combined p = 4 × 10−8). PPIAP2 is a pseudogene that is highly expressed in immune cells. Pathway and eQTL analyses indicated potential roles between coevolving SNPs and cellular replication and metabolism as well as platelet aggregation and coagulation. This finding provides further evidence that host–pathogen interactions affect clinical presentation differently than host and pathogen genetic variation independently, and that human–MTBC coevolution is likely to explain patterns of disease severity.

scholarly journals Paediatric HIV care in sub-Saharan Africa: clinical presentation and 2-year outcomes stratified by age group

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1065-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihane Ben-Farhat ◽  
Marianne Gale ◽  
Elisabeth Szumilin ◽  
Suna Balkan ◽  
Elisabeth Poulet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Paediatric Hiv ◽  
Sub Saharan
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