Pentastomiasis (porocephalosis, linguatulosis/linguatuliasis, or tongue worm infection)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1582-1586
Author(s):  
David A. Warrell
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Obligate Parasites ◽  
Living Species ◽  
Vertebrate Hosts ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Pentastomida are dioecious, obligate parasites that are currently grouped in subclass Branchiura (fish lice and cycloids) of class Maxillopoda, subphylum Crustacea, phylum Arthropoda. Common names are ‘pentastomes’ (referring to two pairs of hooks above the mouth that give the impression of five stomata) or ‘tongue worms’ (alluding to the tongue-like appearance of some, such as adult Linguatula). Adult pentastomes inhabit the upper respiratory tracts of their end hosts (vertebrates such as reptiles, fish, birds, and mammals) where they feed on blood and other tissues. Their larvae infect internal organs of vertebrate or arthropod intermediate hosts. Pentastomes appear to have coevolved with other maxillopodan/branchiuran parasites and their vertebrate hosts. There are about 100 living species in the orders Cephalobaenida (e.g. genus Raillietiella) and Porocephalida (e.g. genera Linguatula, Armillifer, Porocephalus, Leiperia, and Sebekia).

scholarly journals Use of negative binomial distribution to describe the presence of Anisakis in Thyrsites atun

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricio Peña-Rehbein ◽  
Patricio De los Ríos-Escalante
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Negative Binomial Distribution ◽  
Binomial Distribution ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Marine Fishes ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Fishery Resource

Nematodes of the genus Anisakis have marine fishes as intermediate hosts. One of these hosts is Thyrsites atun, an important fishery resource in Chile between 38 and 41° S. This paper describes the frequency and number of Anisakis nematodes in the internal organs of Thyrsites atun. An analysis based on spatial distribution models showed that the parasites tend to be clustered. The variation in the number of parasites per host could be described by the negative binomial distribution. The maximum observed number of parasites was nine parasites per host. The environmental and zoonotic aspects of the study are also discussed.

scholarly journals Long-term change in the parasite burden of shore crabs ( Hemigrapsus oregonensis and Hemigrapsus nudus ) on the northwestern Pacific coast of North America

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1945) ◽  
pp. 20203036
Author(s):  
Jessica Quinn ◽  
Sarah Lee ◽  
Duncan Greeley ◽  
Alyssa Gehman ◽  
Armand M. Kuris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Shore Crab ◽  
Northwestern Pacific ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Shore Crabs ◽  
Living Species ◽  
Hemigrapsus Oregonensis ◽  
Over Time

The abundances of free-living species have changed dramatically in recent decades, but little is known about change in the abundance of parasitic species. We investigated whether populations of several parasites have shifted over time in two shore crab hosts, Hemigrapsus oregonensis and Hemigrapsus nudus, by comparing the prevalence and abundance of three parasite taxa in a historical dataset (1969–1970) to contemporary parasite abundance (2018–2020) for hosts collected from 11 intertidal sites located from Oregon, USA, to British Columbia, Canada. Our data suggest that the abundance of the parasitic isopod Portunion conformis has varied around a stable mean for the past 50 years. No change over time was observed for larval acanthocephalans. However, larval microphallid trematodes increased in prevalence over time among H. oregonensis hosts, from a mean of 8.4–61.8% between the historical and contemporary time points. The substantial increase in the prevalence of larval microphallid trematodes could be owing to increased abundances of their bird final hosts, increased production of parasite infective stages by snail intermediate hosts or both. Our study highlights the variability among parasite species in their temporal trajectories of change.

ON THE SPECIFICITY AND TRANSMISSION OF SOME AVIAN TRYPANOSOMES

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon F. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Vertebrate Hosts

Trypanosomes, originating from different species of birds from Algonquin Park, Ontario, multiplied and produced infective stages in ornithophilic simuliids. These insects are considered natural vectors in Algonquin Park. Using ornithophilic simuliids and Aedes aegypti as intermediate hosts, trypanosomes from one bird were transmitted to a number of species of birds, indicating that the parasites had little specificity for the vertebrate hosts. Development of flagellates in other kinds of biting Diptera was not consistent. Experiments indicate that the parasite is probably transmitted by the penetration or flagellates (in the feces of infected flies) through breaks in the host skin.

scholarly journals Histopathological changes in the kidneys of vertebrate hosts infected naturally and experimentally withParatanaisia bragai (Trematoda, Digenea)

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Barreto Xavier ◽  
Aleksandra Oliveira-Menezes ◽  
Marcos Antônio José dos Santos ◽  
Suzana Bencke Amato ◽  
Eduardo José Lopes Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Epithelial Lining ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Trematode Parasite ◽  
Collecting Ducts ◽  
Macroscopic Observation ◽  
Vertebrate Hosts

Paratanaisia bragai is a trematode parasite that reaches sexual maturity in the kidney collecting ducts of domesticated and wild fowl and whose intermediate hosts are the snails Subulina octona and Leptinaria unilamellata. There are some discrepancies in descriptions of the pathology of this parasite in bird kidneys. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the kidneys of rock pigeons (Columba livia) naturally infected and of chickens (Gallus gallus) experimentally infected with Paratanaisia bragai, by means of macroscopic observation and by light and scanning electron microscopy. Both bird species showed significantly dilated collecting ducts. In addition, lymphocyte infiltration was observed in the kidneys of C. livia and metaplasia in the epithelial lining of the kidney collecting ducts of G. gallus.

scholarly journals Post-slaughter changes in rabbit carcasses in Poland between 2010 and 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 6294-2019
Author(s):  
ŁUKASZ DROZD ◽  
WALDEMAR PASZKIEWICZ ◽  
RENATA PYZ-ŁUKASIK ◽  
MONIKA ZIOMEK ◽  
KRZYSZTOF SZKUCIK
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Respiratory Tract Disease ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Disease

The aim of the study was to analyze the results of sanitary and veterinary examinations of rabbits carried out by the Veterinary Inspectorate in slaughterhouses in Poland in 2010-2018. In this period, 8,980,660 rabbits were examined. Lesions and quality deviations were found in 42,779 carcasses, i.e. 0.48% of all carcasses examined. The most frequent causes of the rejection of the carcasses and internal organs of the rabbits examined were sepsis and pyaemia (36,369 cases), followed by excessive emaciation (1,686 cases), upper respiratory tract disease (1,655 cases), other causes not specified by name (1,438 cases), and coccidiosis (1,318 cases). Abnormal exsanguination (303), parasitic diseases other than coccidiosis (67), infectious diseases (14), and leukemia (2) were much less often the cause of rejection. During the period analyzed, there was a decrease in the number of cases of coccidiosis (except in 2017) and other parasitic diseases, but there was a several-fold increase in the occurrence of sepsis and pyaemia (in the years 2015-2018). Compared with the results of veterinary and sanitary examinations of rabbits in 2000-2010, there was an increase in the number of rabbits slaughtered and a reduction in the percentage of carcasses with pathological changes and carcasses deemed unfit for consumption. In the years 2010-2018, there was also an increase in the number of cases of sepsis and pyaemia and a significant decrease in the percentage of parasitic diseases (mainly coccidiosis).

Hyalinosis Cutis et Mucosae: Diagnosis Based on Oral Manifestations – Report of a Case

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
AA Xanthinaki ◽  
C Donta ◽  
V Gatou ◽  
C Tsichlakis
Keyword(s):  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Disorder ◽  
Oral Manifestations ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Hyalinosis Cutis Et Mucosae ◽  
Systemic Manifestations ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Yellowish White

Hyalinosis cutis et mucosae is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by diffuse deposition of a hyaline-like material in the skin and mucous membrane of the oral cavity, upper respiratory tract, and internal organs. In the first weeks of life it begins with typical hoarseness due to hyaline deposits in the larynx. Rough, yellowish-white papular deposits in the skin and the oral mucosa usually develop during childhood. The etiology and pathogenesis are unknown and the treatment is only symptomatic. A 14-year old boy developed several typical clinical features of the disease since birth and remained undiagnosed until he was referred by his dentist to our department for oral evaluation. The clinical, histopathological and immunological aspects of the patient are discussed in detail. Oral and systemic manifestations of the disease are also reviewed. The oral mucosa appeared nodular, diffusely enlarged and thickened because of infiltration with waxy-yellowish-white plaques and nodules. The patient also exhibited a thickened, furrowed appearance of the skin with several skin scars, eyelid nodules, loss of eyelashes and voice hoarseness. The clinical diagnosis of hyalinosis cutis et mucosa was confirmed histologically.

Ultrastructure of Cercarial Tails

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 180-181
Author(s):  
Richard S. Demaree ◽  
Donald M. Wootton
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Japonicum ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Suitable Host ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Tail Structure

Cercariae (juvenile trematodes with tails) emerge from mollusk intermediate hosts and swim toward definitive hosts or encystment objects. The locomotor power is furnished by the tail. Upon reaching a suitable host or encystment object, the tail is cast off and the cercariae penetrate and/or encyst. Ultrastructural studies of cercariae are sparse. There is even lessUltrastructural studies of cercariae are sparse. There is even less information about the tail structure; and body-to-tail morphology has been documented only for Acanthatrium oregonense and Schistosoma japonicum.

Public School Voice Clinics, Part II

1984 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Q. Miller ◽  
Charles L. Madison
Keyword(s):  
Public School ◽  
School District ◽  
Voice Therapy ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Chronic Laryngitis ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Vocal Nodules

In 10 years of semiannual voice clinics held in a metropolitan school district, 249 cases were reviewed. Attending otolaryngologists diagnosed vocal nodules in 40% of the cases. Chronic laryngitis and thickened cords were also frequently noted. One third of the cases had concomitant allergies, ear, and/or upper respiratory problems. Direct voice therapy was recommended for 65% of those attending voice clinics. The data on sex and age were consistent with previous research. Family voice history and prognosis are also discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document