Communication disorders post-stroke

2020 ◽  
pp. 213-230
Author(s):  
Dee Webster ◽  
Sally Knapp
Keyword(s):  
Communication Disorders ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Auditory Comprehension ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Impact

‘Communication disorders after stroke’ examines the common communication disorders which occur post-stroke and their impact on all aspects of daily life for the older person. It describes impairments of language and speech: aphasia, dysarthria, and apraxia of speech, outlining the theoretical models underpinning assessment and treatment, with specific reference to auditory comprehension, reading, the production of spoken language and spelling. The International Classification of Functioning framework which guides the assessment and rehabilitation of communication disorders, and the methods used to assess breakdown of communication are detailed. The role of the speech and language therapist is explored. The impact of spontaneous recovery and the internal and external factors which impact on suitability for therapy are described. The role of collaborative goal setting is outlined and intervention approaches targeted at the level of the impairment and at increasing communicative activity and social and life participation are explored. The impact of digital literacy, health-related quality of life, and the challenges of the care home setting on the older population are also examined.

scholarly journals Psychological Issues in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Overview

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Sajadinejad ◽  
K. Asgari ◽  
H. Molavi ◽  
M. Kalantari ◽  
P. Adibi
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Illness Behavior ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Impact

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and disabling disease with unknown etiology. There have been some controversies regarding the role of psychological factors in the course of IBD. The purpose of this paper is to review that role. First the evidence on role of stress is reviewed focusing on perceived stress and patients’ beliefs about it in triggering or exacerbating the course of IBD. The possible mechanisms by which stress could be translated into IBD symptoms, including changes in motor, sensory and secretory gastrointestinal function, increase intestinal permeability, and changes in the immune system are, then reviewed. The role of patients’ concerns about psychological distress and their adjustment to disease, poor coping strategies, and some personality traits that are commonly associated with these diseases are introduced. The prevalence rate, the timing of onset, and the impact of anxiety and depression on health-related quality of life are then reviewed. Finally issues about illness behavior and the necessity of integrating psychological interventions with conventional treatment protocols are explained.

Health-Related Quality of Life in the Aftermath of the L’Aquila Earthquake in Italy

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Gigantesco ◽  
Paolo D’Argenio ◽  
Vincenza Cofini ◽  
Cristiana Mancini ◽  
Valentina Minardi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
L’Aquila Earthquake ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveA recent article reported a reduction in the suicide rate in the inhabitants of L’Aquila (Italy) in 2009, when on the night of April 6, a devastating earthquake struck the city. The potential implications of the role of resilience in the aftermath of natural disasters, together with the limitations of existing evidence on this topic, suggest a need for more research. We aimed to retrospectively investigate the impact of the L’Aquila earthquake on a standardized self-reported measure of health-related quality of life (HRQoL).MethodsHRQoL data were collected through 2 separate cross-sectional surveys conducted during 2008 and 2010, before and after the earthquake that occurred in 2009, on 2 random samples of adults living in L’Aquila.ResultsThe data seemed to suggest no decrease in the inhabitants’ HRQoL level after the disaster, which may suggest the role of resilience in supporting survivors’ HRQoL. The findings were also consistent with previous observations of a reduction in the suicide rate in the same inhabitants after the earthquake.ConclusionsAfter a natural disaster, people likely activate personal resources and protective social factors that result in better subjective outcomes. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:11-15)

scholarly journals The impact of fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis and the challenges of its assessment

Rheumatology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (Supplement_5) ◽  
pp. v3-v9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo J F Santos ◽  
Catia Duarte ◽  
José A P da Silva ◽  
Ricardo J O Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Global Impact ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Great Burden

Abstract Fatigue is one of the most important symptoms for patients with RA, and imposes a great burden on patients’ lives, being associated with significantly reduced health-related quality of life. Although being recognized by the rheumatology community as a major gap in the current management of the disease, fatigue has not been easy to measure and conceptualize. Part of the problem seems to reside in the multidimensional causality of this phenomenon, which may warrant dedicated measures and interventions. Although there are several instruments available to measure it, no consensus has yet been reached to recommend a ‘gold-standard’. This review aims at synthesizing the role of fatigue in the global impact of RA; describing validated instruments and their psychometric properties as measures of fatigue among patients with RA; and finally proposing a clinically meaningful, valid and feasible process to measure fatigue in clinical practice.

What is the role of prophylaxis in the improvement of health-related quality of life of patients with hemophilia?

Hematology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Buchbinder ◽  
Margaret V. Ragni
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
The Past ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lost Time ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A 32-year-old male with severe hemophilia presents for his annual evaluation. He has a history of multiple joint bleeds that he has always treated on-demand, that is, after they occur. You have recommended prophylaxis, that is, preventively, before they occur, to decrease his episodes of bleeding; however, he had been reluctant to comply in the past. He is having difficulty keeping up at work because of interruptions, pain, and lost time at work. He is willing to consider a trial of prophylaxis. You discuss the impact of hemophilia on his health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and consider measuring his HRQOL over time using a generic measure of HRQOL to determine whether prophylaxis will reduce interruptions, pain, and lost time from work and improve his HRQOL.

scholarly journals Sex and intimacy in people with severe asthma: a qualitative study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leanne Jo Holmes ◽  
Janelle A Yorke ◽  
Caroline Dutton ◽  
Stephen J Fowler ◽  
Dorothy Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Severe Asthma ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Sexual Intimacy ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Physical Intimacy ◽  
Patient’S Perception ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionPeople with severe asthma experience unpredictable daily symptoms requiring an intense treatment regimen impacting on health-related quality of life (QoL). Sexuality contributes to this, yet there is a dearth of research exploring intimacy in people with severe asthma. We aimed to explore the patient’s perception of the impact of severe asthma on intimacy, establish their information needs and their perceived role of the healthcare practitioner.MethodsWe have performed a qualitative study guided by Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. We interviewed patients diagnosed with severe asthma recruited from a dedicated clinic using purposive sampling. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Using thematic analysis, the data were analysed for emergent themes.ResultsThe nine interviews provided unique and detailed insights into their perspectives on how living with severe asthma impinges on sexual intimacy. Four superordinate themes emerged: (1) ‘Physical intimacy’: including disclosure of physical limitations of severe asthma on intimacy; (2) ‘Emotional intimacy’: the cyclical impact of the often-negative emotional struggle of living with severe asthma on relationships; (3) ‘The role of the healthcare professional’: a perceived failure of healthcare professionals (HCPs) to tackle sexual intimacy in consultations and (4) ‘Image of self’: the reported struggle to deal with negative body image and confusion regarding changing relationship roles.DiscussionThis study is the first to explore the impact of severe asthma on intimacy. We suggest an emphasis on education to raise awareness and help HCPs to address this sensitive topic in this cohort and adopt positive strategies to help improve QoL.

scholarly journals The Role of the Pharmacist in Optimizing Outcomes With Roflumilast, a PDE4 Inhibitor for the Treatment of COPD

2020 ◽  
pp. 089719002096928
Author(s):  
Dennis Williams
Keyword(s):  
Patient Education ◽  
Airflow Limitation ◽  
Pde4 Inhibitor ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Acute Exacerbations ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The pharmacology of roflumilast, recent dosing revisions, and the integral roles of pharmacists in effective chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management are reviewed here. Summary COPD is characterized by progressive airflow limitation and intermittent acute exacerbations of symptoms, which contribute to disease progression, worsening of comorbidities, and reduced health-related quality of life. Patients with COPD may use a variety of pharmacotherapies (in combination with nonpharmacological modalities) to prevent exacerbations, reduce the impact of symptoms, and reduce or prevent COPD progression. Given the complex and multifaceted nature of disease management, pharmacists are uniquely positioned to collaborate with other clinicians to improve treatment adherence and efficacy via a number of diverse avenues in patients with COPD. Central to this endeavor is patient education and counseling regarding their treatment regimen. Conclusion Recent findings from a phase 3 clinical trial demonstrate improved tolerability and reduced treatment discontinuation resulting from the use of an uptitration regimen in patients with severe COPD who initiate therapy with roflumilast. Pharmacists have a central role in effective COPD management, especially with respect to patient education about treatments.

Role of contextual factors in health-related quality of life in ankylosing spondylitis

2009 ◽  
Vol 69 (01) ◽  
pp. 108-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
V S Gordeev ◽  
W P Maksymowych ◽  
S M A A Evers ◽  
A Ament ◽  
L Schachna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Impact

Background:In the bio-psycho-social model of health, the role of contextual factors, either environmental or personal, is recognised.Objective:To assess the impact of a number of contextual factors on self-reported disease-specific and generic health-related quality of life in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).Methods:522 patients with AS from Canada and Australia completed a postal questionnaire including sociodemographic variables, disease activity (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI)) function (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI)) health-related quality of life (ASQoL and EQ-5D) and Rheumatoid Attitudes Index Helplessness Subscale. The contribution of contextual factors (nationality, ethnicity, marital status, education, employment and helplessness) in addition to functioning and disability (BASDAI and BASFI) to health-related quality of life was analysed using multivariate regression analyses. Interactions between contextual variables were explored.Results:Contextual factors explained 37% and 47% of the variance in EQ-5D and ASQoL, respectively. Helplessness and employment were the most important contextual factors. Their role was independent of the strong effect of disease activity (BASDAI) and functional limitations (BASFI). When ASQoL was the outcome, an interaction was seen between employment and education and when EQ-5D was the outcome, an interaction was seen between helplessness and education.Conclusions:Of the contextual factors explored in this study, helplessness and employment had an important and independent contribution to health-related quality of life. In patients with lower education, the effect of not being employed on ASQoL and the effect of helplessness on EQ-5D were stronger. Contextual factors, especially helplessness and employment, should receive more attention when interpreting data on health-related quality of life.

scholarly journals The impact of hearing loss on the quality of life in adults

2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 286-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milica Tatovic ◽  
Snezana Babac ◽  
Dragoslava Djeric ◽  
Ruzica Anicic ◽  
Zoran Ivankovic
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Hearing Handicap ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The hearing apparatus is one of the most important factors related to the development of oral communication. Thus, hearing disorders and deafness lead to severe handicap. Hearing impairment in adults cause verbal communication disorders that influence psychical, emotional and social functioning. Nowadays, there is a noticeable world tendency towards improving hard of hearing person?s quality of life. Objective. Objective was to assess the association between hearing impairment and health-related quality of life. Methods. A hundred adults with billateral hearing impairment underwent hearing examination and answered the Hering Handicap Inventory for the Elderly-Screening (HHIE-S, Ventry and Weinstein), specific for hearing impairment. Results. Almost half of all participants (44%) had a moderate hearing loss, and 36% had a mild loss. Infrequently, participants had a severe degree of hearing loss (13%) and deafness (7%). Self reported hearing handicap revealed significant emotional, social and situational dysfunctions (?2=40.960; df=1; p<0.01). Severity of hearing loss was significantly correlated with hearing handicap (r=0.212; p<0.05). More often, participants revealed social and situational than emotional hearing handicap (?2=131.89; df=100; p<0.05). Only 12% of all participants habitually used hearing aids, and they observed a significantly better quality of life scores (?2=6.23; df=1; p<0.05). Conclusion. Health-related quality of life must be estimated as a factor of great importance. Investigations should involve a more extansive population with hearing loss and a national programme should be started.

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