Neuropsychiatric aspects of epilepsy

2020 ◽  
pp. 181-194
Author(s):  
Marco Mula ◽  
Mahinda Yogarajah
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Epileptiform Activity ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Major Axis ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Axis I Disorders ◽  
Epilepsy Treatment ◽  
Axis I ◽  
The Brain

Epilepsy is one of the commonest neurological disorders, affecting approximately 50 million people worldwide, and it is now recognized as a disorder of the brain characterized not only by recurrent seizures, but also by its neurobiological, cognitive, psychological, and social consequences. In general, psychiatric disorders show a uniformly increased prevalence in epilepsy, as compared to the general population. This chapter focuses on major axis I disorders encountered in adults with epilepsy, namely mood and anxiety disorders and psychoses, with special emphasis on differential diagnosis and treatment. The contribution of epilepsy treatment, such as epilepsy surgery and antiepileptic drugs, is also discussed. Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) resemble epileptic seizures, but they are not caused by ictal epileptiform activity. PNES represent another frequently encountered condition in neuropsychiatric clinics. Epidemiology, differential diagnosis and management of PNES are discussed.

Epilepsy and Related Disorders

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Dworetzky ◽  
Jong Woo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Generic Drugs ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Quality Measures ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Nonepileptic Seizures ◽  
Infancy And Early Childhood ◽  
The Brain

Epilepsy is a chronic disorder of the brain characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures. A seizure is a sudden change in behavior that is accompanied by electrical discharges in the brain. Many patients presenting with a first-ever seizure are surprised to find that it is a very common event. A reversible or avoidable seizure precipitant, such as alcohol, argues against underlying epilepsy and therefore against treatment with medication. This chapter discusses the epidemiology, etiology, and classification of epilepsy and provides detailed descriptions of neonatal syndromes, syndromes of infancy and early childhood, and syndromes of late childhood and adolescence. The pathophysiology, diagnosis, and differential diagnosis are described, as are syncope, migraine, and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. Two case histories are provided, as are sections on treatment (polytherapy, brand-name versus generic drugs, surgery, stimulation therapy, dietary treatments), complications of epilepsy and related disorders, prognosis, and quality measures. Special topics discussed are women?s issues and the elderly. Figures illustrate a left midtemporal epileptic discharge, wave activity during drowsiness, cortical dysplasias, convulsive syncope, rhythmic theta activity, right hippocamal sclerosis, and right temporal hypometabolism. Tables describe international classifications of epileptic seizures and of epilepsies, epilepsy syndromes and related seizure disorders, differential diagnosis of seizure, differentiating epileptic versus nonepileptic seizures, antiepileptic drugs, status epilepticus protocol for treatment, when to consider referral to a specialist, and quality measures in epilepsy.  This review contains 7 figures, 10 tables, and 33 references. Key Words: Seizures, focal (partial)seizure, generalized seizures, Myoclonic seizures, Atonic seizures, Concurrent electromyographyTonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures

Epilepsy in later childhood and adulthood

2010 ◽  
pp. 4810-4826
Author(s):  
G.D. Perkin ◽  
M.R. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Case History ◽  
Epileptic Seizure ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Structural Brain

Case History—A 33 yr old woman, known to have epilepsy, now presenting with odd behaviour. An epileptic seizure is a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Epilepsy is defined as a disorder of the brain characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate epileptic seizures and by the neurobiological, cognitive, psychological, and social consequences of this condition. The definition of epilepsy requires the occurrence of at least one epileptic seizure and evidence for an enduring alteration in the brain that increases the likelihood of future seizures such as an ‘epileptiform’ EEG abnormality, an appropriate lesion on structural brain imaging (CT or MRI), or the presence of recurrent (two or more) seizures. Epilepsy is a common, serious neurological disease, with prevalence 1% and a cumulative lifetime risk of 5%....

Epilepsy and Related Disorders

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Dworetzky ◽  
Jong Woo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Generic Drugs ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Quality Measures ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Nonepileptic Seizures ◽  
Infancy And Early Childhood ◽  
The Brain

Epilepsy is a chronic disorder of the brain characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures. A seizure is a sudden change in behavior that is accompanied by electrical discharges in the brain. Many patients presenting with a first-ever seizure are surprised to find that it is a very common event. A reversible or avoidable seizure precipitant, such as alcohol, argues against underlying epilepsy and therefore against treatment with medication. This chapter discusses the epidemiology, etiology, and classification of epilepsy and provides detailed descriptions of neonatal syndromes, syndromes of infancy and early childhood, and syndromes of late childhood and adolescence. The pathophysiology, diagnosis, and differential diagnosis are described, as are syncope, migraine, and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. Two case histories are provided, as are sections on treatment (polytherapy, brand-name versus generic drugs, surgery, stimulation therapy, dietary treatments), complications of epilepsy and related disorders, prognosis, and quality measures. Special topics discussed are women?s issues and the elderly. Figures illustrate a left midtemporal epileptic discharge, wave activity during drowsiness, cortical dysplasias, convulsive syncope, rhythmic theta activity, right hippocamal sclerosis, and right temporal hypometabolism. Tables describe international classifications of epileptic seizures and of epilepsies, epilepsy syndromes and related seizure disorders, differential diagnosis of seizure, differentiating epileptic versus nonepileptic seizures, antiepileptic drugs, status epilepticus protocol for treatment, when to consider referral to a specialist, and quality measures in epilepsy.  This review contains 7 figures, 10 tables, and 33 references. Key Words: Seizures, focal (partial)seizure, generalized seizures, Myoclonic seizures, Atonic seizures, Concurrent electromyographyTonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures

Comorbid Axis I-disorders among subjects with pathological, problem, or at-risk gambling recruited from the general population in Germany: Results of the PAGE study

2013 ◽  
Vol 210 (3) ◽  
pp. 1065-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Bischof ◽  
Christian Meyer ◽  
Gallus Bischof ◽  
Nadin Kastirke ◽  
Ulrich John ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
General Population ◽  
Axis I Disorders ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Risk Gambling

scholarly journals Brain extracellular space, hyaluronan, and the prevention of epileptic seizures

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine L. Perkins ◽  
Amaia M. Arranz ◽  
Yu Yamaguchi ◽  
Sabina Hrabetova
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Extracellular Space ◽  
Epileptiform Activity ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Mutant Mice ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Extracellular Space ◽  
Brain Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Hydration Capacity

AbstractMutant mice deficient in hyaluronan (HA) have an epileptic phenotype. HA is one of the major constituents of the brain extracellular matrix. HA has a remarkable hydration capacity, and a lack of HA causes reduced extracellular space (ECS) volume in the brain. Reducing ECS volume can initiate or exacerbate epileptiform activity in many

Epilepsy and Related Disorders

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Dworetzky ◽  
Jong Woo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Generic Drugs ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Quality Measures ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Nonepileptic Seizures ◽  
Infancy And Early Childhood ◽  
The Brain

Epilepsy is a chronic disorder of the brain characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures. A seizure is a sudden change in behavior that is accompanied by electrical discharges in the brain. Many patients presenting with a first-ever seizure are surprised to find that it is a very common event. A reversible or avoidable seizure precipitant, such as alcohol, argues against underlying epilepsy and therefore against treatment with medication. This chapter discusses the epidemiology, etiology, and classification of epilepsy and provides detailed descriptions of neonatal syndromes, syndromes of infancy and early childhood, and syndromes of late childhood and adolescence. The pathophysiology, diagnosis, and differential diagnosis are described, as are syncope, migraine, and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. Two case histories are provided, as are sections on treatment (polytherapy, brand-name versus generic drugs, surgery, stimulation therapy, dietary treatments), complications of epilepsy and related disorders, prognosis, and quality measures. Special topics discussed are women?s issues and the elderly. Figures illustrate a left midtemporal epileptic discharge, wave activity during drowsiness, cortical dysplasias, convulsive syncope, rhythmic theta activity, right hippocamal sclerosis, and right temporal hypometabolism. Tables describe international classifications of epileptic seizures and of epilepsies, epilepsy syndromes and related seizure disorders, differential diagnosis of seizure, differentiating epileptic versus nonepileptic seizures, antiepileptic drugs, status epilepticus protocol for treatment, when to consider referral to a specialist, and quality measures in epilepsy.  This review contains 7 figures, 10 tables, and 33 references. Key Words: Seizures, focal (partial)seizure, generalized seizures, Myoclonic seizures, Atonic seizures, Concurrent electromyographyTonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures

The New York high-risk project: Major axis I disorders in the adult offspring of schizophrenic parents

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
L. Erlenmeyer-Kimling ◽  
Elizabeth Squires-Wheeler ◽  
Ulla Hilldof-Adamo ◽  
Anne S. Bassett ◽  
Barbara A. Cornblatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Major Axis ◽  
Adult Offspring ◽  
Axis I Disorders ◽  
Axis I ◽  
High Risk Project

Epilepsy and Related Disorders

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Dworetzky ◽  
Jong Woo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Generic Drugs ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Quality Measures ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Nonepileptic Seizures ◽  
Infancy And Early Childhood ◽  
The Brain

Epilepsy is a chronic disorder of the brain characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures. A seizure is a sudden change in behavior that is accompanied by electrical discharges in the brain. Many patients presenting with a first-ever seizure are surprised to find that it is a very common event. A reversible or avoidable seizure precipitant, such as alcohol, argues against underlying epilepsy and therefore against treatment with medication. This chapter discusses the epidemiology, etiology, and classification of epilepsy and provides detailed descriptions of neonatal syndromes, syndromes of infancy and early childhood, and syndromes of late childhood and adolescence. The pathophysiology, diagnosis, and differential diagnosis are described, as are syncope, migraine, and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. Two case histories are provided, as are sections on treatment (polytherapy, brand-name versus generic drugs, surgery, stimulation therapy, dietary treatments), complications of epilepsy and related disorders, prognosis, and quality measures. Special topics discussed are women?s issues and the elderly. Figures illustrate a left midtemporal epileptic discharge, wave activity during drowsiness, cortical dysplasias, convulsive syncope, rhythmic theta activity, right hippocamal sclerosis, and right temporal hypometabolism. Tables describe international classifications of epileptic seizures and of epilepsies, epilepsy syndromes and related seizure disorders, differential diagnosis of seizure, differentiating epileptic versus nonepileptic seizures, antiepileptic drugs, status epilepticus protocol for treatment, when to consider referral to a specialist, and quality measures in epilepsy.  This review contains 7 figures, 10 tables, and 33 references. Key Words: Seizures, focal (partial)seizure, generalized seizures, Myoclonic seizures, Atonic seizures, Concurrent electromyographyTonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures

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