Oral mucosa, saliva, and speech

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Devlin ◽  
Rebecca Craven
Keyword(s):  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Normal Structure ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Oral Precancer ◽  
And Function ◽  
And Control

Oral mucosa, saliva, and speech in relation to dentistry are the topics in this chapter. The chapter starts with the normal structure and function of oral mucosa, leading on to a discussion of problems in normal physiology leading to ulceration and to oral precancer and carcinoma. This is followed by a consideration of saliva, its production and properties, and important issues arising from lack of saliva. Swallowing, its phases and control and dental relevance, are next discussed. The concluding section deals with speech, vocalization, phonation, and articulation together with problems of dental relevance, that may arise.

scholarly journals Human thrombocytopenia is associated with structural abnormalities of the endothelium that are ameliorated by glucocorticosteroid administration

Blood ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
CS Kitchens ◽  
JF Pendergast
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Normal Structure ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Capillary Endothelium ◽  
Severe Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Structural Abnormalities ◽  
And Function

Abstract Capillary fragility is characteristic of severe thrombocytopenia. This mechanical weakness may not be solely accounted for by decreased ability of platelets to repair endothelial breaks. Platelets may have a role in maintaining endothelial hemostasis. This laboratory has demonstrated thinning of capillary endothelium in experimental thrombocytopenia. We now report similar findings in human thrombocytopenia. Capillary endothelium supplying either skin or skeletal muscle was found to have a mean thickness only half that of normal as well as frequent very thinned areas, including some fenestrations. All findings reverted toward normal after four days of prednisone administration at a time the degree of thrombocytopenia was equally severe. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that platelets are necessary for normal structure and function of endothelial cells and that glucocorticosteroid administration may ameliorate the pathophysiology of thrombocytopenia.

Impact of artificial reefs on sediment bacterial structure and function in Bohai Bay

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Jinsheng Sun ◽  
Enjun Fang ◽  
Biao Guo ◽  
Yuanyuan Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Reef ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Artificial Reefs ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Bohai Bay ◽  
Reef Area ◽  
The Future ◽  
And Function ◽  
And Control

Artificial reefs have significantly altered ecological and environmental conditions compared with natural reefs, but how these changes affect sediment bacteria structure and function is unknown. Here, we compared the structure and function of the sediment bacterial community in the artificial reef area, the future artificial reef area, and the control area in Bohai Bay by 16S rRNA genes sequencing. Our results indicated that bacteria communities in the sediment were both taxonomically and functionally different between the reef area and control area. In the artificial reef area, the α-diversity was significantly lower, whereas the β-diversity was significantly higher. Functional genes related to chemo-heterotrophy, nitrate reduction, hydrocarbon degradation, and the human pathogens and human gut were more abundant, whereas genes related to the metabolism of sulfur compounds were less abundant in the artificial reef than in the control area. The differences in bacterial communities were primarily determined by depth in the artificial reef area, and by total organic carbon in the future reef area and control area. This study provides the first overview of molecular ecology to assess the impacts of artificial reefs on the bacteria community.

Lymphoid tissue in rat oral mucosa: Structure and function

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAEDE SMINIA ◽  
SIEBE J. SWART ◽  
JOKE J. E. STEENBERGEN ◽  
JEIKE BIEWENGA
Keyword(s):  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

Meninges and Ventricles

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Ruple S. Laughlin
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Normal Structure ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Ventricular System ◽  
And Function ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
Arteries And Veins ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Csf Production

Knowledge of the normal structure and function of the meninges and ventricular system can aid in recognizing and understanding pathologic states. This chapter reviews the meninges, ventricular system, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production. Three layers of meninges cover the brain and spinal cord: dura, arachnoid, and pia. They 1) protect the underlying brain and spinal cord, 2) serve as a support framework for important arteries and veins, and 3) enclose a fluid-filled cavity that is important for normal function of the brain and spinal cord.

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