R

2020 ◽  
pp. 679-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Ainsworth
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Rubella Vaccine ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factors ◽  
Maternal Treatment ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccines

This chapter presents information on neonatal drugs that begin with R, including use, pharmacology, adverse effects, fetal and infant implications of maternal treatment, treatment, and supply of Radiological contrast media, Raltegravir, Ranitidine, Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (rhG-CSF), Remifentanil, Rhesus (D) immunoglobulin, Ribavirin = Tribavirin (former BAN), Rifampicin = Rifampin (USAN), Rocuronium, Rotavirus vaccines, and Rubella vaccine

Chemistry of Iodinated Contrast Media (ICM): A Minireview

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maithili Pramod Joshi ◽  
Ameya Chaudhari ◽  
Prashant S. Kharkar ◽  
Shreerang V. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Iodinated Contrast Media ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Health Organization

: Historically, the use of Iodinated Contrast Media (ICM) for diagnostic purposes, particularly radiography and computed tomography (CT), is well-known. Many of the ICM are included in the World Health Organization (WHO)’s List of Essential Medicines. Depending on the chemotype and the presence of ionizable functional group(s), the ICM are categorized in the ionic/nonionic monomers/dimers. The lipophilicity, aqueous solubility, viscosity and osmolality are major characteristics dictating their use for one procedure versus the other. Over last several decades, substantial advancement occurred in the design and development of novel ICM, solely to reduce their propensity to cause adverse effects. Given the nature of their acute usage, some of the agents with appreciable toxicity are still used. Understanding their chemistry aspects is crucial to appreciate, acknowledge and justify the usage of these extremely important torch-bearers of diagnostic agent’s class. The present review article presents an in-depth overview of the synthetic methods, therapeutic indications, potential adverse effects along with the commercial and environmental aspects of ICM. The safety and tolerability of these agents is a field that has gained significant importance, which is given due importance in the discussion.

W

2020 ◽  
pp. 844-850
Author(s):  
Sean Ainsworth
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Maternal Treatment

This chapter presents information on neonatal drugs that begin with W, including use, pharmacology, adverse effects, fetal and infant implications of maternal treatment, treatment, and supply of Warfarin, and Whooping cough vaccine (including tetanus and diphtheria)

V

2020 ◽  
pp. 813-843
Author(s):  
Sean Ainsworth
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Vitamin K1 ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Maternal Treatment

This chapter presents information on neonatal drugs that begin with V, including use, pharmacology, adverse effects, fetal and infant implications of maternal treatment, treatment, and supply of Vancomycin, Varicella-zoster immunoglobulin and vaccine, Vasopressin, desmopressin, and terlipressin, Vigabatrin, Vitamin A (retinol), Vitamin B12 (hydroxocobalamin), Vitamin D (special formulations), Vitamin D (standard formulations), Vitamin E (alpha tocopherol), Vitamin K1 = phytomenadione (rINN), phytonadione (USAP), and Vitamins (multi-vitamins)

S

2020 ◽  
pp. 718-772
Author(s):  
Sean Ainsworth
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Sodium Valproate ◽  
Fusidic Acid ◽  
Sodium Benzoate ◽  
Skin Care ◽  
Maternal Treatment ◽  
Sodium Phenylbutyrate

This chapter presents information on neonatal drugs that begin with S, including use, pharmacology, adverse effects, fetal and infant implications of maternal treatment, treatment, and supply of Salbutamol = Albuterol (USAN), Sildenafil, Skin care and skin sterility, Sodium phenylbutyrate and glycerol phenylbutyrate, Sodium benzoate, Sodium bicarbonate, Sodium chloride, Sodium fusidate (fusidic acid), Sodium valproate, Sotalol, Spiramycin, Spironolactone, Stiripentol, Streptokinase, Sucrose, Sulfadiazine = Sulphadiazine (former BAN), Surfactants, and Suxamethonium = Succinylcholine (USAN)

E

2020 ◽  
pp. 275-307
Author(s):  
Sean Ainsworth
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Enzyme Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Recombinant Human Erythropoietin ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Enzyme Replacement ◽  
Maternal Treatment ◽  
Human Erythropoietin

This chapter presents information on neonatal drugs that begin with E, including use, pharmacology, adverse effects, fetal and infant implications of maternal treatment, treatment, and supply of Enemas, laxatives, and suppositories, Enoxaparin, Enzyme replacement therapy, Epoetin (recombinant human erythropoietin = rEPO), Epoprostenol and other prostanoids (iloprost and teoprostinil), Erythromycin, Esomeprazole, Ethambutol, and Eye drops (and ointments)

Long-Term Adverse Effects of Low-Osmolar Compared With Iso-Osmolar Contrast Media After Coronary Angiography

2016 ◽  
Vol 118 (7) ◽  
pp. 985-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-Cheng Wang ◽  
Adrian Tang ◽  
Di Chang ◽  
Chun-Qiang Lu ◽  
Shi-Jun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Angiography ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Long Term Adverse Effects

Warmed contrast media temperature loss in traditional manifold systems during angiographic procedures

2021 ◽  
pp. 028418512110553
Author(s):  
Kevin J. O'Sullivan ◽  
Tjaša Kermavnar ◽  
Kenneth A. Gorski ◽  
Samer Arnous ◽  
Leonard W. O'Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Limited Impact ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Temperature Loss ◽  
Ambient Room Temperature ◽  
Experimental Laboratory

Background Extrinsic warming of contrast media (CM) to 37 °C before angiographic procedures is performed to improve bolus kinetics and avoid potential adverse effects. Extrinsically warmed CM readily loses temperature after removal from the warming cabinet, but the extent of its cooling has not been previously investigated. Purpose To assess temperature loss of extrinsically warmed CM in tubing of traditional angiographic manifolds during simulated angiography. Material and Methods In total, 35 scheduled diagnostic angiographic procedures were observed in a hospital setting. Relevant time points of CM use during the procedures were recorded. The shortest, median, and longest procedures were then simulated in the experimental laboratory to measure CM temperatures at specific times at three locations along the tubing system. Results The angiographic procedures lasted 7.0–26.6 min (median = 11.7 min), with the total duration dependent primarily on the time from contrast being removed from the warming cabinet to the commencement of imaging. During the simulated procedures, consistent patterns of temperature loss were observed. By the last simulated angiographic run, injected CM temperature decreased by 7.4–16.4 °C, depending on procedure length. Most of the heat loss occurred in the tubing between the CM bottle and coronary control syringe. Conclusion During angiographic procedures, prewarmed CM loses its temperature rapidly with the duration of exposure to ambient room temperature. If no additional measures are employed to maintain its temperature outside of the warming cabinet, extrinsic warming has limited impact on injected CM temperature.

U

2020 ◽  
pp. 806-812
Author(s):  
Sean Ainsworth
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Ursodeoxycholic Acid ◽  
Coenzyme Q10 ◽  
Maternal Treatment

This chapter presents information on neonatal drugs that begin with U, including use, pharmacology, adverse effects, fetal and infant implications of maternal treatment, treatment, and supply of Ubidecarenone (coenzyme Q10), Urokinase, and Ursodeoxycholic acid = Ursodiol (USAN)

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