Pituitary

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-248
Author(s):  
Niki Karavitaki ◽  
Chris Thompson ◽  
Iona Galloway
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Cushing’S Disease ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Pituitary Function ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Cushing's Disease ◽  
Pituitary Tumours ◽  
Acth Stimulation ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions

This chapter covers the pituitary gland. It starts with the anatomy and physiology, then moves on to imaging, and pituitary function. It then covers common tests, including ITT, glucagon, ACTH stimulation, arginine, clomiphene, hCG, and TRH. It then begins to cover disorders of pituitary function, with treatment, hormone replacement, and investigation all included. Pituitary tumours are described, along with investigation, diagnosis, and treatment. Other disorders, including Cushing’s disease, cysts, inflammatory conditions are all included. Complications from other conditions are also described.

CUSHING'S DISEASE IN A PATIENT WITH GONADAL DYSGENESIS AND PITUITARY TUMOUR

1965 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Bassøe ◽  
H. Gadeholt ◽  
K. Ronold ◽  
K. F. Støa
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Cushing’S Disease ◽  
Pituitary Tumour ◽  
Cushing's Disease ◽  
Substitution Therapy ◽  
Pituitary Tumours ◽  
Primary Amenorrhoea ◽  
Ovarian Dysgenesis ◽  
Tumour Formation ◽  
Chromophobe Adenoma

ABSTRACT A thirty-nine years old woman with primary amenorrhoea and increased excretion of gonadotrophins, developed a chromophobe adenoma in the pituitary gland. Only a few years before she died, the diagnosis of Cushing's disease was made which progressed despite hypophysectomy. Evidence is given for the conclusion, that the patient suffered from ovarian dysgenesis, which secondarily led to hyperfunction and tumour formation of the pituitary gland and also to development of Cushing's disease. It is concluded that patients with hypogonadism should be observed for pituitary tumour formation, and that adequate substitution therapy may prevent formation of pituitary tumours.

The corticotrophic cells of the canine pituitary gland in pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism

1983 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. McNicol ◽  
H. Thomson ◽  
C. J. R. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Cushing’S Disease ◽  
Cushing's Disease ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Human Pituitary Gland ◽  
Single Entity ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Corticotrophic Cells

The distribution of specifically stained corticotrophic cells has been studied in the pituitary glands of 11 dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. The results suggest that the disease is not a single entity, and that some cases are caused by primary abnormality of the pituitary gland whereas others appear to be the result of dysfunction of the hypothalamus or central nervous system. The patterns correspond closely to those demonstrated in the human pituitary gland in Cushing's disease, and confirm that the canine disease is a useful model for the study of the pathogenesis of the variants of the condition.

Cushing's disease due to an unusually large adenoma of the pituitary gland in infancy

1985 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Stegner ◽  
D. K. Lüdecke ◽  
M. Kadrnka-Lovrenćić ◽  
N. Stahnke ◽  
R. P. Willig
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Cushing’S Disease ◽  
Cushing's Disease

TISSUE CULTURE STUDIES ON HUMAN PITUITARY TUMOURS: RADIOIMMUNOASSAYABLE ANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES IN THE CULTURE MEDIUM

1978 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren G. Lipson ◽  
Inese Z. Beitins ◽  
Paul D. Kornblith ◽  
Janet W. Mc Arthur ◽  
Henry G. Friesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Cushing’S Disease ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Cushing's Disease ◽  
Hormone Release ◽  
Pituitary Tumours ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Hormones

ABSTRACT A tissue culture study was undertaken to determine if human non-functioning pituitary tumours secrete polypeptide anterior pituitary hormones in vitro and to study the spectrum of hormone release by functioning pituitary neoplasms. Fragments from 48 human pituitary tumours (from patients - 2 with Cushing's disease, 1 with Nelson's syndrome, 5 with amenorrhoea-galactorrhoea, 10 with acromegaly and 30 with non-functioning pituitary tumours) and three normal human anterior pituitary glands (controls) were placed in tissue culture immediately after surgery. The in vitro release of human growth hormone (HGH), prolactin (Prl), thyrotrophin (TSH), adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured by radioimmunoassays at the end of one week in culture. Clinical and pathological data were compared to hormone release patterns. In the culture media from control pituitaries the concentrations of the six hormones tested were 100 to 10 000 times greater than in peripheral blood. The medium surrounding the fragments from functioning pituitary tumours contained the following: a) Acromegaly - high levels of HGH and variable concentrations of the other hormones. b) Cushing's disease - ACTH and Prl predominantly. c) Amenorrhcea-galactorrhoea syndrome - prolactin in 4 out of 5 patients, all six polypeptides in one patient. In the media from the 30 patients diagnosed as having non-functioning pituitary tumours, 60 % of the samples contained at least one hormone at a concentration similar to that of the controls and 100 % of the samples contained detectable quantities of at least one hormone.

scholarly journals SAT-241 Pituitary Stalk Interruption Syndrome Presenting as Neonatal Hypotonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nordie Anne Bilbao
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Pituitary Stalk ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Acth Stimulation ◽  
Central Hypothyroidism

Abstract Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) is a rare condition that include congenital anatomic abnormalities of the pituitary gland and hypopituitarism. There is a wide variety of clinical presentation, with the age at presentation encompassing from neonatal period to adulthood and including one or more pituitary hormone deficiencies. In recent literature there is increasing recognition of PSIS presenting in the neonatal period, mostly involving hypoglycemia. Our patient is a full-term male infant who presented in the newborn period with hypotonia and hypothermia. He also had hypoglycemia, which was initially thought to be associated to hyperinsulinism in the context of gestational diabetes. Micropenis was noted on physical exam. As part of the study for hypotonia, serial thyroid function tests were obtained revealing central hypothyroidism. A low dose ACTH stimulation test was performed which revealed adrenal insufficiency. The patient was started on cortisol and thyroid hormone replacement. Brain MRI showed an ectopic neurohypophysis located along the floor of the hypothalamus, a small anterior pituitary gland, and a partially absent infundibulum, findings consistent with pituitary stalk interruption syndrome. The patient received testosterone injections for micropenis and is being followed for development of other pituitary hormone deficiencies. PSIS is a rare congenital condition that is increasingly recognized in neonates manifesting with signs of hypopituitarism.

Itsenko-Cushing’s disease in the practice of a nurse

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
Polina Denisovna Samokhvalova ◽  
Nikita Dmitrievich Matveev ◽  
Vsevolod Vladimirovich Skvortsov
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Cushing’S Disease ◽  
Palliative Treatment ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Cushing's Disease ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Adrenal System

Itsenko-Cushing’s disease is a disease characterized by dysfunctions of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system. Without therapy during the first five years, the survival rate is 50 %, and the patient’s condition improves markedly with palliative treatment, increasing the survival rate to 86 %. Today, there are a number of criteria for the diagnosis, diagnosis and treatment of this pathology.

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