Innocent blood

2021 ◽  
pp. 291-296
Author(s):  
Michael Obladen
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin K ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Clotting System ◽  
Water Soluble Vitamin ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Haemorrhagic Disease ◽  
The 19Th Century

Haemorrhages occurring in the newborn without trauma have been observed by obstetricians since the 17th century, but were considered different diseases depending on their location. Umbilical haemorrhage associated with obstructed bile canals was described by Cheyne in 1802. Grandidier in 1871 and Townsend in 1894 grouped together various forms of neonatal bleeds and associated them with disturbed coagulation. When the clotting system became better understood in the last decade of the 19th century, effective symptomatic treatment was developed: gelatine, serum injection, and the transfusion of fresh blood. In 1935, Dam detected the function of vitamin K in the coagulation system and 4 years later, Waddell introduced vitamin K administration into therapy and prevention of neonatal haemorrhagic disease. When high doses of synthetic water-soluble vitamin K analogues were given to preterm infants, kernicterus occurred, reminding physicians that progress in neonatal therapy rests on the cornerstones of controlled trials and follow-up.

Photoactive Water-Soluble Vitamin K: A Novel Amphiphilic Photoinduced Antibacterial Agent

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Zhang ◽  
Nicharee Wisuthiphaet ◽  
Nitin Nitin ◽  
Luxin Wang ◽  
Ryan Kawakita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin K ◽  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Water Soluble Vitamin

scholarly journals History of the study of hemorrhagic disease of newborns

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 118-125
Author(s):  
Dmitry O. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin K ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Haemorrhagic Disease ◽  
First Time

The article describes the main historical periods of the study of hemorrhagic disease of newborns. Clinical observations, describing bleeding of newborns, which occurs without visible damage, known since the seventeenth century and are found in the works of Francois Mauriceau and Georg Wolfgang Wedel. The role of the liver injury in the development of bleeding of infants noticed English physicians John Huxham (1672-1768) and John Cheyne (1777-1836). In 1871 Ludwig Grandidier conducted differential diagnosis between umbilical bleeding of neonates and the hemophilia clinic. Later I.P. Pavlov showed, that the clotting time of dog’s blood significantly prolongs when you turn off the liver from the blood circulation. In that way, partly began to understand the etiology of hemorrhagic syndrome, but the pathogenesis of this suffering, in diseases of the liver remained unknown. Charles Wendell Townsend in 1894, describing 50 cases of coagulopathy of newborns, at the first time paid attention to the connection between breastfeeding and development of bleeding and offered to call this nosological form as "hemorrhagic disease of newborns". In the late 20s of the last century Henrik Dam have identified the unknown substances from green lucerne leaves and described them as the fat-soluble vitamin K (coagulation). In 1943 H. Dam and E. Doisy received the Nobel prize for the discovery and establishment of the chemical structure of vitamin K. In 1943, a group of Soviet biochemists have synthesized a water-soluble analogue of vitamin K (K3, vicasolum), quickly introduced into clinical practice and showed their high efficiency in patients with hypovitaminosis K. In 1945 Yu.F. Dombrovskaya suggested that haemorrhagic disease of newborns caused by deficit of vitamin K. Further researching of the development of haemorrhagic disease of newborns is associated with the study of the biochemistry of the pathogenesis of the disease, identify its various forms and development of treatment techniques and prevention, depending on the identified features.

THE ABSORPTION, EXCRETION AND TRANSPLACENTAL TRANSPORT OF VITAMIN K IN THE PERINATAL PERIOD

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Latex Test

It is a well-known fact that hemorrhages are observed in wholly breastfed infants beyond the neonatal period. In order to clarify vitamin K (VK)-deficiency, it is necessary to follow-up the absorption and excretion of VK2.1. To 128 cases of newborns. i) The activity of VK-dependent factors(II, VII, X) were determined by Hepaplastin test(HPT), ii) Using Latex-test, PIVKA-II was tested. We found values of HPT (Y) and PIVKA-II (X) to be inversely proportional in the relation. Y=6l.9 - 6.7 X (r= -0.3). 2. These 15 cases of hypoprothrombinemia, VK2 6mg, VK2 2mgwere given, and plasma VK2-concentration was measured by gas chromatography. After 3 hours VK2 6mgconcentration was 1030ng/ml; VK2 2mg, was 224ng/ml. This clearly shows a dose-response relation. 3. VK2 transplacental transport was also proved by using umbilical venous blood after Cesarean section. (Before Cesarean section, VK2 60mgwas given. ) In umbilical venous blood, relatively high doses of VK2 (50 - 120ng/ml) were demonstrated. Additionally, the y-carboxylglutamic acid-concentration in the urine of newborn, who received VK2-syrup was higherthan those who did not receive it.

Letters to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-424
Author(s):  
ELMER L. SEVERINGHAUS
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
Vitamin E Deficiency ◽  
Small Series ◽  
Water Soluble Vitamin ◽  
Factor Problem ◽  
Hemolytic Effect

A warning needs to be given pediatricians and obstetricians about using unduly large doses of any water soluble vitamin K preparation in premature infants. Communications appearing in Lancet report fatal hemolytic anemia occurring in two small series of infants. The vitamin K was given in one on more doses of 10 mg. to these premature infants. No evidence of blood group incompatibility or Rh factor problem was found. A further report appeared in substantiation of the hemolytic effect of very large doses (100 mg./kg.) of water soluble vitamin K given to rats. This hemolysis occurred only in rats deprived of vitamin E. It is known that vitamin E deficiency in rats leads to abnormally great hemolytic tendency.

Effect of Vitamin-K Dosage on Plasma-Bilirubin Levels in Premature Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-377
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Premature Babies ◽  
Water Soluble Vitamin ◽  
Plasma Bilirubin ◽  
Small Doses

Recent reports have indicated that administration of large doses of a water-soluble vitamin-K analogue (Synkavit) causes an increase in the bilirubin in the serum and was potentially dangerous as regards the development of kernicterus in premature infants. The present report compares the effects of large and small doses of the water-soluble vitamin-K analogue (Synkavit) on the bilirubin in the plasma of premature babies on the fifth day of life. One group of premature babies received 10 mg of Synkavit daily by intramuscular injection for 3 days. Another group received an injection of 1 mg of Synkavit on the first day of life. The bilirubin attained a concentration of 18 mg/100 ml or higher in the plasma in 21 out of 55 babies in the first group receiving the larger dose, while only 2 premature infants out of 51 who received the smaller dose developed a concentration of bilirubin in the plasma of 18 mg/100 ml or higher. There were two deaths from kernicterus in the group receiving the larger dose and no deaths or signs of kernicterus in the group receiving the smaller dose. It is pointed out that a single dose of 0.5 to 1.0 mg of vitamin-K is as effective as larger doses in preventing postnatal hypoprothrombinemia. It is suggested that the routine use of the smaller dose should be adopted in an effort to reduce the incidence of kernicterus in premature infants.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document