Essential hypertension—definition, epidemiology, and pathophysiology

‘Essential hypertension’ is high blood pressure for which there is no clearly defined aetiology. From a practical perspective, it is best defined as that level of blood pressure at which treatment to lower blood pressure results in significant clinical benefit—a level which will vary from patient to patient depending on their absolute cardiovascular risk. Historically, most guidelines define ‘hypertension’ as an office blood pressure greater than or equal to 140/90 mm Hg, but some recent recommendations prefer home or ambulatory blood pressure (blood pressure) averages. When using 24 h ambulatory blood pressure or home blood pressure averages to define hypertension, the diagnostic thresholds are lower than those used with office measurement, with a value of 135/85 mm Hg typically used for both daytime ambulatory blood pressure and home measurements.

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Treatment With Drugs to Lower Blood Pressure and Blood Cholesterol Based on an Individual's Absolute Cardiovascular Risk

Yearbook of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/s0145-4145(07)70022-9 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 2006 ◽

pp. 35-37

Author(s):

W.J. Elliott

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Blood Cholesterol ◽

Lower Blood Pressure ◽

Lower Blood ◽

Absolute Cardiovascular Risk

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Treatment with drugs to lower blood pressure and blood cholesterol based on an individual's absolute cardiovascular risk

The Lancet ◽

10.1016/s0140-6736(05)70240-3 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 365 (9457) ◽

pp. 434-441 ◽

Cited By ~ 202

Author(s):

R JACKSON ◽

C LAWES ◽

D BENNETT ◽

R MILNE ◽

A RODGERS

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Blood Cholesterol ◽

Lower Blood Pressure ◽

Lower Blood ◽

Absolute Cardiovascular Risk

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Plasma Noradrenaline Concentration and Blood Pressure in Essential Hypertension, Phaeochromocytoma and Depression

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs048239s ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 48 (s2) ◽

pp. 239s-242s ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

W. J. Louis ◽

A. E. Doyle ◽

S. N. Anavekar

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Essential Hypertension ◽

Endogenous Depression ◽

Plasma Noradrenaline ◽

Lower Blood Pressure ◽

Normal Range ◽

Plasma Noradrenaline Concentration ◽

Noradrenaline Concentration ◽

Lower Blood ◽

Blood Pressures

1. Mean plasma noradrenaline concentration was elevated in forty-four patients with established essential hypertension. Eighteen of these hypertensive patients had resting plasma noradrenaline concentrations in the normal range. 2. Patients with endogenous depression had higher mean plasma noradrenaline concentrations but significantly lower blood pressure than patients with essential hypertension. 3. Patients with phaeochromocytoma had plasma noradrenaline concentrations twenty-eight times greater than those found in essential hypertension, but blood pressures were less than 20% higher. 4. It is concluded that excess of sympathetic drive only partly explains the level of the blood pressure in essential hypertension.

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Does Moderate Potassium Supplementation Lower Blood Pressure in Essential Hypertension? a Double Blind Randomised Crossover Trial Using Slow Potassium and Placebo

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs063045pa ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

pp. 45P-45P

Author(s):

S.J. Smith ◽

N.D. Markandu ◽

R.A. Banks ◽

G.A. Sagnella ◽

G.A. Macgregor

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Essential Hypertension ◽

Crossover Trial ◽

Lower Blood Pressure ◽

Double Blind ◽

Potassium Supplementation ◽

Lower Blood ◽

Slow Potassium

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PENGARUH PEMBERIAN AIR KELAPA MUDA TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH TINGGI PADA IBU HAMIL

JURNAL KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT & GIZI (JKG) ◽

10.35451/jkg.v4i1.848 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 58-64

Author(s):

Novita Br Ginting Munthe ◽

G.F Gustina Siregar ◽

Rizka Wulandari ◽

Iskandar Markus Sembiring ◽

Basyariah Lubis

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

Coconut Water ◽

Wilcoxon Test ◽

P Value ◽

Lower Blood Pressure ◽

High Potassium ◽

Lower Blood ◽

Post Test

Hypertension of pregnancy is one of the causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide for both mother and fetus. One of the treatment for high blood pressure is herbal treatment by drinking young coconut water. Young coconut water has content such as sugar, protein, potassium, calcium, magnesium, vitamin C. The high potassium content in young coconut can lower blood pressure, so young coconut water can be used to lower blood pressure. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving young coconut water on blood pressure in pregnant women at Nining Pelawati Pratama Clinic, Deli Serdang Regency. The method used in this study is quantitative research using a Quasy Experiment research design with a pre test and post test design with a sample of 20 respondents. The study was conducted using the Wilcoxon test, it was found that 90% of respondents who had been given young coconut water experienced a decrease in high blood pressure and 10% of respondents did not experience a change in high blood pressure. The results of the analysis showed that the p value for systolic and diastolic respondents was 0.001 (p < 0.05) which indicated that there was an effect of giving young coconut water to blood pressure in patients with high blood pressure. It can be concluded that young coconut water can reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with high blood pressure.

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