Medical retina
The chapter begins by discussing key clinical skills, namely fundus fluorescein angiography, abnormal fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, and electrophysiology. The following areas of clinical knowledge are then discussed: diabetic retinopathy, hypertensive retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, retinal artery occlusions, age-related macular degeneration, intravitreal anti-VEGF injections, central serous chorioretinopathy, retinal vascular anomalies, retinal dystrophies, and choroidal dystrophies. The chapter concludes with eight case-based discussions, on gradual visual loss, central visual loss, visual loss in a hypertensive patient, sudden, painless visual loss, diabetic retinopathy, difficult night vision, visual loss in child, and macular lesion.