scholarly journals Bone Morphogenetic Proteins and Diabetic Retinopathy

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 593
Author(s):  
Khaled Elmasry ◽  
Samar Habib ◽  
Mohamed Moustafa ◽  
Mohamed Al-Shabrawey
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Microvascular Dysfunction ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Bmp Signaling ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Retinal Inflammation ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play an important role in bone formation and repair. Recent studies underscored their essential role in the normal development of several organs and vascular homeostasis in health and diseases. Elevated levels of BMPs have been linked to the development of cardiovascular complications of diabetes mellitus. However, their particular role in the pathogenesis of microvascular dysfunction associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) is still under-investigated. Accumulated evidence from our and others’ studies suggests the involvement of BMP signaling in retinal inflammation, hyperpermeability and pathological neovascularization in DR and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Therefore, targeting BMP signaling in diabetes is proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy to halt the development of microvascular dysfunction in retinal diseases, particularly in DR. The goal of this review article is to discuss the biological functions of BMPs, their underlying mechanisms and their potential role in the pathogenesis of DR in particular.

scholarly journals Epigenetic modifications in hyperhomocysteinemia: potential role in diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration

Oncotarget ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 12562-12590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Elmasry ◽  
Riyaz Mohamed ◽  
Isha Sharma ◽  
Nehal M. Elsherbiny ◽  
Yutao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals The Long Pentraxin PTX3 as a New Biomarker and Pharmacological Target in Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Diabetic Retinopathy

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Stravalaci ◽  
Mariantonia Ferrara ◽  
Varun Pathak ◽  
Francesca Davi ◽  
Barbara Bottazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Major Complication ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Pharmacological Target ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Age related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) are multifactorial, neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases of the eye primarily involving cellular and molecular components of the outer and inner blood-retina barriers (BRB), respectively. Largely contributed by genetic factors, particularly polymorphisms in complement genes, AMD is a paradigm of retinal immune dysregulation. DR, a major complication of diabetes mellitus, typically presents with increased vascular permeability and occlusion of the retinal vasculature that leads, in the proliferative form of the disease, to neovascularization, a pathogenic trait shared with advanced AMD. In spite of distinct etiology and clinical manifestations, both pathologies share common drivers, such as chronic inflammation, either of immune (in AMD) or metabolic (in DR) origin, which initiates and propagates degeneration of the neural retina, yet the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. As a soluble pattern recognition molecule with complement regulatory functions and a marker of vascular damage, long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is emerging as a novel player in ocular homeostasis and a potential pharmacological target in neurodegenerative disorders of the retina. Physiologically present in the human eye and induced in inflammatory conditions, this protein is strategically positioned at the BRB interface, where it acts as a “molecular trap” for complement, and modulates inflammation both in homeostatic and pathological conditions. Here, we discuss current viewpoints on PTX3 and retinal diseases, with a focus on AMD and DR, the roles therein proposed for this pentraxin, and their implications for the development of new therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Interactions between Apolipoprotein E Metabolism and Retinal Inflammation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 635
Author(s):  
Monica L. Hu ◽  
Joel Quinn ◽  
Kanmin Xue
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Amyloid Beta ◽  
Complement System ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Retinal Inflammation ◽  
The Complement System

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial retinal disorder that is a major global cause of severe visual impairment. The development of an effective therapy to treat geographic atrophy, the predominant form of AMD, remains elusive due to the incomplete understanding of its pathogenesis. Central to AMD diagnosis and pathology are the hallmark lipid and proteinaceous deposits, drusen and reticular pseudodrusen, that accumulate in the subretinal pigment epithelium and subretinal spaces, respectively. Age-related changes and environmental stressors, such as smoking and a high-fat diet, are believed to interact with the many genetic risk variants that have been identified in several major biochemical pathways, including lipoprotein metabolism and the complement system. The APOE gene, encoding apolipoprotein E (APOE), is a major genetic risk factor for AMD, with the APOE2 allele conferring increased risk and APOE4 conferring reduced risk, in comparison to the wildtype APOE3. Paradoxically, APOE4 is the main genetic risk factor in Alzheimer's disease, a disease with features of neuroinflammation and amyloid-beta deposition in common with AMD. The potential interactions of APOE with the complement system and amyloid-beta are discussed here to shed light on their roles in AMD pathogenesis, including in drusen biogenesis, immune cell activation and recruitment, and retinal inflammation.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Carotenoids in the Management of Diabetic Retinopathy

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2441
Author(s):  
Drake W. Lem ◽  
Dennis L. Gierhart ◽  
Pinakin Gunvant Davey
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Microvascular Disease ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Cell Degeneration ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Dietary Carotenoid

Diabetic retinopathy, which was primarily regarded as a microvascular disease, is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. With obesity at epidemic proportions, diabetes-related ocular problems are exponentially increasing in the developed world. Oxidative stress due to hyperglycemic states and its associated inflammation is one of the pathological mechanisms which leads to depletion of endogenous antioxidants in retina in a diabetic patient. This contributes to a cascade of events that finally leads to retinal neurodegeneration and irreversible vision loss. The xanthophylls lutein and zeaxanthin are known to promote retinal health, improve visual function in retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration that has oxidative damage central in its etiopathogenesis. Thus, it can be hypothesized that dietary supplements with xanthophylls that are potent antioxidants may regenerate the compromised antioxidant capacity as a consequence of the diabetic state, therefore ultimately promoting retinal health and visual improvement. We performed a comprehensive literature review of the National Library of Medicine and Web of Science databases, resulting in 341 publications meeting search criteria, of which, 18 were found eligible for inclusion in this review. Lutein and zeaxanthin demonstrated significant protection against capillary cell degeneration and hyperglycemia-induced changes in retinal vasculature. Observational studies indicate that depletion of xanthophyll carotenoids in the macula may represent a novel feature of DR, specifically in patients with type 2 or poorly managed type 1 diabetes. Meanwhile, early interventional trials with dietary carotenoid supplementation show promise in improving their levels in serum and macular pigments concomitant with benefits in visual performance. These findings provide a strong molecular basis and a line of evidence that suggests carotenoid vitamin therapy may offer enhanced neuroprotective effects with therapeutic potential to function as an adjunct nutraceutical strategy for management of diabetic retinopathy.

scholarly journals Posterior segment eye diseases in Ijebu, Southwestern Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Tayo Julius Bogunjoko ◽  
Adekunle O. Hassan ◽  
Adunola Ogunro ◽  
Toyin Akanbi ◽  
Bidemi Abudu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Posterior Segment ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Slit Lamp ◽  
Central Visual Field ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Age Related

Background: To review cases of posterior segment eye diseases (PSEDs) seen at the Eye Foundation Centre Ijebu, Nigeria in a 5 year period for planning purposes.Methods: Data was collected from patients’ case notes from January 2006 to December 2011. A systematic sampling of 468 patients from 1173 case notes of patient with (PSEDs) was done. Information retrieved was: age, sex, state of residence and diagnosis. All patients were examined by the glaucoma and the vitroretinal specialist as the case may be. They had visual acuity, refraction, slit lamp examination (including intraocular pressure (IOP) with Goldman applanation tonometer), and dilated fundoscopy with (bilateral indirect ophthalmoscopy) BIO, slit lamp using 20 D, 78 D and 90 D respectively. The glaucoma patients in addition had central visual field (CVF), Central cornea thickness (CCT), fundus photograph and in some cases optical coherence tomography (OCT) done in addition to the above.Results: The mean age was 59.98 years (SD 17.67) and the age range is 5-95 years. Males outnumbered females by 63% to 37%. The diseases were more common in age group 61 to 80. Patients’ attendances were mostly from Ijebu division of Ogun state (57%). Glaucoma is the commonest cause of attendance 262 (56%) followed by diabetic retinopathy 29 (6.2%) and age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) 28 (6.0%).Conclusions: Glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and ARMD were noted as the commonest PSEDs in Ijebu division in Southwestern Nigeria.

scholarly journals Review of Subthreshold Diode Micropulse Laser Treatment for Retinal Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
Juhn AT ◽  
Shyu AP ◽  
Benjamin J ◽  
Zhang Y
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Treatment Modality ◽  
Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Retinal Diseases ◽  
Micropulse Laser ◽  
Vein Occlusion ◽  
Age Related ◽  
New Treatment

Subthreshold Diode Micropulse (SDM) laser is a relatively new treatment modality that confers very little to no anatomical risk to the retina. However, its efficacy is still being studied, and the scenario where SDM is most useful is still being elucidated. This paper reviews articles from 1997 to 2017 and reviews the settings, results, and outcomes of SDM in various clinical settings including diabetic macular edema, branch retinal vein occlusion, central serous Chorioretinopathy, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration.

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