Water, sanitation, and hygiene

Author(s):  
Peter Maes ◽  
Rafael Van den Bergh ◽  
Joos Van den Noortgate

This chapter on water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) outlines the principles of safe water and sanitation as essential determinants of health, quality of life, and dignity. It provides the health worker with the necessary information to appropriately prioritize WASH, understand the process of primary prevention of WASH-related diseases, to identify best practices for different contexts, and to recognize when specialized assistance might be required.

CRANIO® ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ana Izabela Sobral De Oliveira-Souza ◽  
Laís Ribeiro Do Valle Sales ◽  
Alexandra Daniele De Fontes Coutinho ◽  
Susan Armijo Olivo ◽  
Daniella Araújo de Oliveira

2022 ◽  
Vol 164 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-26
Author(s):  
Megan Lander ◽  
Kate Dugan ◽  
Jaden Kohn ◽  
Stephanie Wethington ◽  
Edward Tanner ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanlin Zhang ◽  
Zihan Yang ◽  
Keyun Tang ◽  
Qiuning Sun ◽  
Hongzhong Jin

Psoriasis is a chronic and recurrent immune-related skin disease that often causes disfigurement and disability. Due to the visibility of lesions in patients and inadequate understanding of dermatology knowledge in the general public, patients with psoriasis often suffer from stigma in their daily lives, which has adverse effects on their mental health, quality of life, and therapeutic responses. This review summarized the frequently used questionnaires and scales to evaluate stigmatization in patients with psoriasis, and recent advances on this topic. Feelings of Stigmatization Questionnaire, Questionnaire on Experience with Skin Complaints, and 6-item Stigmatization Scale have been commonly used. The relationship between sociodemographic characteristics, disease-related variables, psychiatric disorders, quality of life, and stigmatization in patients with psoriasis has been thoroughly investigated with these questionnaires. Managing the stigmatization in patients with psoriasis needs cooperation among policymakers, dermatologists, psychologists, psychiatrists, researchers, and patients. Further studies can concentrate more on these existing topics, as well as other topics, including predictors of perceived stigmatization, stigmatization from non-patient groups, influence of biologics on stigmatization, and methods of coping with stigmatization.


Author(s):  
Seyed Saeed Mazloomy Mahmoodabad ◽  
Nahid Ardian ◽  
Hadi Eslami

Background: One of the factors influencing the level of general health and quality of life of individuals, is the level of social support that people enjoy. Given the importance of general health, quality of life and the amount of social support and their relationship with the level of physical activity in young people in Yazd province counties were studied. Methods: The study population of this descriptive, cross-sectional study consisted of 15- to 29-year-old people. Given the study population, sample size was calculated for the counties Yazd, Mehriz, Ardakan and Meybod separately. Methods: A total of 1533 people were selected by cluster sampling, and a person aged 15-29 years from each family completed the questionnaire. The questionnaire used, in addition to demographic questions, included three sections general health questionnaire (GHQ-28), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and World Health Organization Quality Of Life Brief (WHOQOL-BREF). The data were analyzed by SPSS18, nonparametric statistical tests and Pearson's correlation. Results: The mean general health score of youth was 30.82 (9.56) and the mean scores of their quality of life and social support were 38.32 (8.67) and 42.64 (7.73), respectively. Mental health, quality of life and social support were significantly associated with education level (P-value ≤ 0.001). The quality of life of young athletes was higher than that of young non-athletes (P-value ≤ 0.001). General health and social support were higher in women than in men (P-value ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: The general health level of Yazd youth is higher than the cut-off point and not optimal, but based on social and cultural conditions in this province, the levels of social support and quality of life were found to be satisfactory. Planning to increase the level of vitality and exercise in different fields can be an opportunity to improve the general health of young people.


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