Chronic heart failure

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazem Rahimi
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Functional Abnormality ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Objective Evidence ◽  
European Society Of Cardiology ◽  
Necrosis Factor

The European Society of Cardiology defines heart failure as a clinical syndrome in which patients have the following features: symptoms typical of heart failure (breathlessness, fatigue, ankle swelling); signs typical of heart failure (tachycardia, tachypnoea, pulmonary crackles, pleural effusion, raised jugular venous pressure, peripheral oedema, hepatomegaly); and objective evidence of a structural or functional abnormality of the heart at rest (cardiomegaly, third heat sound, cardiac murmurs, abnormality on the echocardiogram, raised natriuretic peptide concentration). Heart failure results in activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin–aldosterone–angiotensin system, and release of a number of hormones such as natriuretic peptides, and cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor amongst others. While neurohormone activation is initially compensatory and helps in the short term to maintain circulatory needs, ultimately it has detrimental effects on the myocardium and compromises its function further. These mechanisms are therefore therapeutic targets to improve symptoms and lessen the risk of death.

scholarly journals Definition and Classification of Heart Failure

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitja Lainscak ◽  
Ilaria Spoletini ◽  
Andrew Coats
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
European Society ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Laboratory Assessment ◽  
Esc Guidelines ◽  
European Society Of Cardiology

<p>A review of the definition and classification of heart failure, updated since the recent 2016 European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Heart failure is defined by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) as a clinical syndrome characterised by symptoms such as shortness of breath, persistent coughing or wheezing, ankle swelling and fatigue, that may be accompanied by the following signs: jugular venous pressure, pulmonary crackles, increased heart rate and peripheral oedema. However, these signs may not be present in the early stages and in patients treated with diuretics. When apparent, they are due to a structural and/or functional cardiac abnormality, leading to systolic and/or diastolic ventricular dysfunction, resulting in a reduced cardiac output and/or elevated intra- cardiac pressures at rest or during stress. According to the most recent ESC guidelines the initial evaluation of patients with suspected heart failure should include a clinical history and physical examination, laboratory assessment, chest radiography, and electrocardiography. Echocardiography can confirm the diagnosis. Beyond detecting myocardial abnormality, other impairments such as abnormalities of the valves, pericardium, endocardium, heart rhythm, and conduction may be found. The identification of the underlying aetiology is pivotal for the diagnosis of heart failure and its treatment. The authors review the definitions and classifications of heart failure.</p><p> </p>

Heart failure

2019 ◽  
pp. 537-546
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
Models Of Care ◽  
Life Care ◽  
Common Criteria ◽  
Objective Evidence ◽  
Complex Decision Making ◽  
Complex Decision ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
European Society Of Cardiology

This chapter covers the issues surrounding heart failure in patients with palliative needs, including definition of heart failure, Management of heart failure, end-of-life care, complex decision-making, and models of care. Chronic heart failure is a progressive, terminal syndrome and is the final common pathway of many cardiovascular diseases. There is difficulty in defining heart failure as there are many different criteria around the world used to define it. However, common criteria usually include history, physical examination, chest radiography, and echocardiography. The European Society of Cardiology defines heart failure as the presence of symptoms of heart failure at rest or during exercise, and objective evidence of cardiac dysfunction (usually on echocardiography).

Short-term Risk of Death After Treatment With Nesiritide for Decompensated Heart Failure

JAMA ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 293 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Sackner-Bernstein ◽  
Marcin Kowalski ◽  
Marshal Fox ◽  
Keith Aaronson
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Decompensated Heart Failure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Risk Of Death

scholarly journals Short-term treatments for acute cardiac care: inotropes and inodilators

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_D) ◽  
pp. D3-D11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Guarracino ◽  
Endre Zima ◽  
Piero Pollesello ◽  
Josep Masip
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Rehospitalization Rate ◽  
Admission Rates ◽  
European Society Of Cardiology ◽  
Calcium Sensitizer

Abstract Acute heart failure (AHF) continues to be a substantial cause of illness and death, with in-hospital and 3-month mortality rates of 5% and 10%, respectively, and 6-month re-admission rates in excess of 50% in a range of clinical trials and registry studies; the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Heart Failure Long-Term Registry recorded a 1-year death or rehospitalization rate of 36%. As regards the short-term treatment of AHF patients, evidence was collected in the ESC Heart Failure Long-Term Registry that intravenous (i.v.) treatments are administered heterogeneously in the critical phase, with limited reference to guideline recommendations. Moreover, recent decades have been characterized by a prolonged lack of successful innovation in this field, with a plethora of clinical trials generating neutral or inconclusive findings on long-term mortality effects from a multiplicity of short-term interventions in AHF. One of the few exceptions has been the calcium sensitizer and inodilator levosimendan, introduced 20 years ago for the treatment of acutely decompensated chronic heart failure. In the present review, we will focus on the utility of this agent in the wider context of i.v. inotropic and inodilating therapies for AHF and related pathologies.

The Inability of B-type Natriuretic Protein to Predict Short-Term Risk of Death or Myocardial Infarction in Non-Heart-Failure Patients With Marginally Increased Troponin Levels

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 472-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley L. Hubbard ◽  
Christopher R.H. Newton ◽  
Patrick M. Carter ◽  
Jennifer J. Fowler ◽  
John Schaldenbrand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Heart Failure Patients ◽  
Risk Of Death

Evaluation of the impact of community-acquired pneumonia on short-term and long-term prognosis in a patient with chronic decompensated heart failure

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (9) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
D S Polyakov ◽  
I V Fomin ◽  
F Yu Valikulova ◽  
A R Vaisberg ◽  
N Kraiem
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Decompensated Heart Failure ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Long Term Prognosis ◽  
The Impact

Aim. To evaluate the impact of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) on short-term and long-term prognosis in patients hospitalized with signs of chronic decompensated heart failure (CDHF). Subjects and methods. A total of 852 cases were admitted to therapy/cardiology hospital with signs of CDHF during a year. Results. Among the patients hospitalized with signs of CDHF, the prevalence of CAP was 16.5%. This indicator did not depend on the age of hospitalized patients. Among the multisystem disorders, hypertension, different forms of coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were more common in the patients with CAP. The presence of the latter in a patient with CDHF statistically significantly increased the length of hospital stay (13.1 versus 11.9 days; p = 0.009) and also the probability of rehospitalization during a year (odds ratio (OR) 1.9; p = 0.02). The presence of CAP in a patient with CDHF resulted in an increase in mortality rates (OR 13.5; p < 0.001); moreover, the highest risk of a fatal outcome was noted on day 1 of hospitalization (12.7%). During one-year follow-up, the risk of death in patients hospitalized with CDHF and concomitant pneumonia proved to be higher (OR 4.8; p < 0.001) than in those without pneumonia.

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