Neurological infections

Chronic Meningitis ◽

Neck Stiffness ◽

Cerebral Dysfunction ◽

Neurological Infections ◽

The Brain ◽

This chapter covers both acute bacterial and viral, and chronic, meningitis, as well as tuberculous, cryptococcal, coccidioidal, and Histoplasma meningitis, describing meningeal symptoms (headache, neck stiffness, vomiting, photophobia) and cerebral dysfunction (confusion, coma). The chapter also covers neurocysticercosis (including parenchymal and extra-parenchymal cysts), encephalitis (an inflammatory process in the brain characterized by cerebral dysfunction), as well as brain abscess, cerebritis, subdural empyema, epidural abscess, and cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections.

Microbiology and Treatment of Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt Infections in Children

Current Infectious Disease Reports ◽

10.1007/s11908-014-0427-8 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 16 (10) ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Daniel J. Adams ◽

Michael Rajnik

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt Infections in Children

Pediatric Neurosurgery ◽

10.1159/000085869 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 131-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

M. Turgut ◽

D. Alabaz ◽

F. Erbey ◽

E. Kocabas ◽

T. Erman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Prevention and management of internal cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections

Journal of Hospital Infection ◽

10.1016/j.jhin.2016.03.010 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 93 (4) ◽

pp. 323-328 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J. Dawod ◽

A. Tager ◽

R.O. Darouiche ◽

M. Al Mohajer

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Treatment of Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt Infections with Medical Therapy Alone

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1227/00006123-198212000-00008 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 781-783 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

S. Mates ◽

J. Glaser ◽

K. Shapiro

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Antibiotic Therapy ◽

Medical Therapy ◽

Surgical Intervention ◽

Cure Rate ◽

Shunt Insertion ◽

Abstract Eight of 48 patients with shunt infections were treated with antibiotic therapy only. Seven of the 8 were cured and remained infection-free for at least 1 year. Six of the 7 patients had developed infection within 2 weeks of shunt insertion or revision. Shunt infections that occur soon after operation may have a good cure rate with antibiotics and no surgical intervention.

Treatment of cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections with medical therapy alone

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1097/00006123-198212000-00008 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 781???3 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S Mates ◽

J Glaser ◽

K Shapiro

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Medical Therapy ◽

Naegleria fowleri Hemorrhagic Meningoencephalitis: Report of Two Fatalities in Children

Journal of Child Neurology ◽

10.1177/088307380401900301 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 231-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Darin T. Okuda ◽

Hank J. Hanna ◽

Stephen W. Coons ◽

John B. Bodenstelner

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Brain Stem ◽

Mass Effect ◽

Severe Headache ◽

Neurologic Examination ◽

Naegleria Fowleri ◽

Neck Stiffness ◽

Nuchal Rigidity ◽

Nægleria Fowleri ◽

The Brain

Two cases of hemorrhagic meningoencephalitis secondary to Naegleria fowleri infection confirmed by postmortem analysis are described. The first patient is a 5-year-old boy who presented with a severe headache, neck stiffness, and lethargy. His neurologic examination was significant for somnolence and nuchal rigidity. Cerebrospinal fluid studies and structural neuroimaging were consistent with hemorrhagic meningoencephalitis. Another 5-year-old boy presented to a different institution 2 miles away in the same week with similar complaints. Both patients declined rapidly and expired within 48 hours of admission secondary to transtentorial herniation caused by the mass effect of inflammation, edema, and hemorrhage with displacement of the brain stem. Histopathologic and immunochemistry analysis of brain tissue revealed the presence of Naegleria trophozoites in both cases.