cerebral dysfunction
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2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-03
Author(s):  
Theofilidis Antonis

Children with slow visual-motor responses to visual-temporal response tests also have brain dysfunctions in the mobile and motor areas (6, 4). If the left parietal cortex does not participate in these dysfunctions, then this child will also have difficulties in reading. Furthermore, we could say that the brain dysfunctions that are detected by visual-motor tests and that the performance in them is low, are accompanied by difficulties in reading. Aim: In this study we want to show the function of the child's brain in dyslexia. Method: We followed the most up-to-date literature on the subject: neuropsychology and dyslexia. Conclusions: brain organization and its relationship to dyslexia is a major problem for Neuropsychology and Neurolinguistics.


Author(s):  
Theofilidis Antonis ◽  

Children with slow visual-motor responses to visual-temporal response tests also have brain dysfunctions in the mobile and motor areas [6,4]. If the left parietal cortex does not participate in these dysfunctions, then this child will also have difficulties in reading. Furthermore, we could say that the brain dysfunctions that are detected by visual-motor tests and that the performance in them is low, are accompanied by difficulties in reading. Aim: In this study we want to show the function of the child’s brain in dyslexia. Method: We followed the most up-to-date literature on the subject: neuropsychology and dyslexia. Conclusions: brain organization and its relationship to dyslexia is a major problem for Neuropsychology and Neurolinguistics.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2-3 (35-36) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
O. Kovalenko ◽  
◽  
N. Prityko ◽  

Introduction. The syndrome of chronic venous cerebral dysfunction (SCVCD) - widely studied at present nosology. In the presence of anxiety-depressed disorders, this disease is complicated. Specific clinical manifestations of SCVCD, as pronounced practical experience, are found in people of different age and social groups, usually in conditions of comorbidity, in particular, with different arterial pressure (AP) and accompanying anxiety-depressive disorders, which is reflected in the general intellectual potential of society. In our opinion, it is an interesting and relevant issue that contributes to changes in the emotional-volitional sphere of a person carries out a SCVCD in combination with different indicators of arterial pressure (AP). The aim of the study. To conduct a comparative analysis of the interconnections of the indicators of the emotional-volitional sphere (anxiety and depression), estimated using the scales of the anxiety Ch. D. Spieberger - Yu. L. Hanin and depressions A. T. Beck, in patients with chronic cerebral venous dysfunction syndrome and without it and various indicators of arterial pressure. Materials and methods. 153 patients tested on a series of reactive and personal anxiety and depression. The main group amounted to 125 people who were elected by clinical signs of the existence of the SCVCD and various indicators of AP, and they were distributed to three clinical groups: 33 people - people with increased indicators of AP (157.20 ± 12.20 / 98.30 ± 4.20 mm Hg - hypertonics; 21 person with reduced blood pressure (100.32 ± 7.23 / 65.45 ± 6.40 mm Hg) - hypotonic; 24 people with labile AP with predominantly normal average digits of AP (125.23 ± 12.20 / 82.22 ± 4.14 mm Hg) - "conditional" normotonics. For comparison of indicators, 28 patients of the control group were involved - people without clinical signs of SCVCD and various indices of AP, distributed on the same principle: hypertension - eight people, hypotonics - five people, "conditional" normotonics - 15 people. The statistical elaboration of the results was carried out using the Medstat application package. Since the law of distribution of indicators differed from normal, for the presentation of data calculated median value and the inter-quatering interval (QI-QIII), for comparison used nonparametric criteria for U. Kruskala A. Wallis, criteria for J. Dannah and Chi-square. Results. The level of personal and reactive anxiety (among persons with chronic cerebral venous dysfunction) in hypertonics was statistically significantly higher than hypotonics. The level of depression (among persons with chronic cerebral venous dysfunction) in hypotonics was statistically significant than in hypertension and "conditional" normotonics. In patients in the control group, there is no statistically significant connection between the numbers of personal and reactive anxiety and the level of depression with the digits of arterial pressure. Anxiety is most often an essential part of depression. Transformation of hypotension in hypertension (and vice versa) in persons with chronic cerebral venous dysfunction syndrome may be accompanied by a transition of anxiety in depression or depression in anxiety. Conclusions. The assessment of personal and reactive anxiety on the scale of anxiety and depression revealed statistically significant bonds with arterial pressure in persons with chronic cerebral venous dysfunction syndrome. The figures of personal and reactive anxiety were statistically significant in hypertension compared to normotonics (p less than 0.001) an hypotonic (p less than 0.001). The figures of depression were statistically significant in hypotonics compared with hypertonics and normotonics (p less than 0.001). In persons from the control group, the level of reactive anxiety and blood pressure in hypertonics (p = 0.003) in comparison with hypotonic and normotonics is statistically significant. In hypеrtonics with chronic venous dysfunction syndrome, it was statistically significantly higher (p less than 0.001) level of personal anxiety compared with hypertonic control group, and among the hypotonics of the main group noted statistically significant (p less than 0.001) higher level of depression. Key words: Syndrome of chronic cerebral venous dysfunction, reactive anxiety, personal anxiety, arterial pressure, depression.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengya Liang ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Shuangjiao Gan ◽  
Yunqi Liu ◽  
Huayang Li ◽  
...  

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the mechanism underlying cerebral dysfunction after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA), although the exact details have not been elucidated. To explore the expression profiles of lncRNAs and miRNAs in DHCA cerebral injury, we determined the lncRNA, miRNA and mRNA expression profiles in the cerebral cortex of DHCA and sham rats. First, a rat model of DHCA was established, and high-throughput sequencing was performed to analyze the differentially expressed RNAs (DERNAs). Then, the principal functions of the significantly deregulated genes were identified using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. Expression networks (lncRNAs-miRNAs-mRNAs and transcription factors (TFs)-miRNAs-mRNAs) were also established. Finally, the expression of DERNAs was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). We identified 89 lncRNAs, 45 miRNAs and 59 mRNAs between the DHCA and sham groups and constructed a comprehensive competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) network. A TF-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was also established. Finally, we predicted that Lcorl-miR-200a-3p-Ttr, BRD4-Ccl2 and Ep300-miR-200b-3p-Tmem72 may participate in the pathogenesis of DHCA cerebral injury.


2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Nikolay V. Tsygan ◽  
Victoria A. Yakovleva ◽  
Aleksander V. Ryabtsev ◽  
Semen I. Evtukhov ◽  
Sergey Yu. Golokhvastov ◽  
...  

Aim of the research was to study the features of the structure of postoperative cerebral dysfunction, establishing the risk factors for the development of postoperative cerebral dysfunction and for the each of the clinical types during operations for malignant neoplasms of the chest and abdomen. The study was conducted in 2 stages: a retrospective study based on medical records and a prospective study. In a retrospective study by the method of directed selection from 93,129 clinical cases of patients, 47 cases of patients with acute stroke after surgery were selected. In prospective study, 102 patients (69 men, 33 women) aged 38 to 85 years were examined, the median age was 67 years. They were divided into two study groups: thoracic, abdominal. In a retrospective study, the incidence of perioperative stroke was 0.05%. In a prospective study of surgical operations for malignant neoplasms of the chest and abdomen, the incidence of postoperative cerebral dysfunction was 34%, perioperative stroke 2%, symptomatic delirium of the early postoperative period 11%, deferred cognitive impairment 31%. Statistical processing of the prospective study data revealed 10 risk factors for postoperative cerebral dysfunction, 12 risk factors for perioperative stroke, 7 risk factors for symptomatic delirium of the early postoperative period, and 6 risk factors for deferred cognitive impairment. For each of the clinical types of postoperative cerebral dysfunction the Charlson comorbidity index has a significant predictive value, and therefore it seems appropriate to include this parameter in the preoperative examination algorithm (3 tables, bibliography: 8 refs)


Critical Care ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mairi Ziaka ◽  
Aristomenis Exadaktylos

AbstractDuring the last decade, experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that isolated acute brain injury (ABI) may cause severe dysfunction of peripheral extracranial organs and systems. Of all potential target organs and systems, the lung appears to be the most vulnerable to damage after brain injury (BI). The pathophysiology of these brain–lung interactions are complex and involve neurogenic pulmonary oedema, inflammation, neurodegeneration, neurotransmitters, immune suppression and dysfunction of the autonomic system. The systemic effects of inflammatory mediators in patients with BI create a systemic inflammatory environment that makes extracranial organs vulnerable to secondary procedures that enhance inflammation, such as mechanical ventilation (MV), surgery and infections. Indeed, previous studies have shown that in the presence of a systemic inflammatory environment, specific neurointensive care interventions—such as MV—may significantly contribute to the development of lung injury, regardless of the underlying mechanisms. Although current knowledge supports protective ventilation in patients with BI, it must be born in mind that ABI-related lung injury has distinct mechanisms that involve complex interactions between the brain and lungs. In this context, the role of extracerebral pathophysiology, especially in the lungs, has often been overlooked, as most physicians focus on intracranial injury and cerebral dysfunction. The present review aims to fill this gap by describing the pathophysiology of complications due to lung injuries in patients with a single ABI, and discusses the possible impact of MV in neurocritical care patients with normal lungs.


2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-653
Author(s):  
Xin Ma ◽  
Yu-jie Ke ◽  
Yuan-yuan Jing ◽  
Tong-xiang Diao ◽  
Li-sheng Yu

AbstractMigraine is one of the most common and highest burdens of disease. As a primary cerebral dysfunction illness, migraine might exhibit other system-related symptoms, including vestibular and cochlear symptoms. With the publication of the diagnostic criteria of vestibular migraine, the link between migraine and vestibular symptoms became clear. However, the relationship between migraine and cochlear symptoms is far from straightforward. Therefore, we focus on the correlation between migraine and deafness, sudden sensorineural hearing loss, acute tinnitus, and chronic tinnitus to better understand the relationship between migraine and cochlear symptoms.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-143
Author(s):  
Sonny Lesmana Surya ◽  
Yudi Hadinata

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) merupakan alat penunjang fungsi sirkulasi dan pernapasan pasien yang biasa digunakan ketika menjalani pembedahan jantung atau pembuluh darah besar. Selama prosedur CPB, kondisi hipotermia dipertahankan untuk menurunkan kebutuhan oksigen dan laju metabolisme. Kondisi hipotermia akan mempengaruhi keseimbangan asam-basa pada tubuh. Manajemen asam-basa selama prosedur CPB dicapai dengan menggunakan metode a-stat atau pH-stat. Pada metode a-stat, manajemen asam-basa dilakukan dengan menjaga pHa 7.4 dan PaCO2 40 mmHg pada suhu 37oC tanpa penambahan CO2 oksigen untuk menjaga total CO2 tetap konstan. Sedangkan, pada metode pH-stat, diberikan CO2 oksigen untuk menjaga PaCO2 40 mmHg dan pHa 7.4 secara in vivo. Masih banyak perdebatan terkait waktu penerapan masing-masing metode. Pada level mikrosirkulasi, manajemen a-stat terbukti memberikan keuntungan pada otak dan mengurangi insidensi postoperative cerebral dysfunction. Sedangkan, metode pH-stat dilaporkan meningkatkan risiko emboli otak, sehingga tidak disarankan untuk pasien yang memiliki risiko tinggi gangguan aliran darah otak. Namun, terdapat pula laporan yang menyatakan pH-stat bermanfaat pada operasi bedah jantung anak. Berdasarkan hal itu, usia pasien dapat menentukan waktu penggunaan metode a-stat dan pH-stat. Satu indikasi primer penggunaan pH-stat adalah selama proses pendinginan saat deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA), sedangkan metode a-stat lebih baik digunakan selama selective cerebral perfusion (SCP) dan rewarming.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Chai Lv ◽  
Yong Lin ◽  
Qing-song Wu ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Yan-ting Hou ◽  
...  

Abstract Objectives The relationship between inflammatory cytokines and postoperative delirium (POD) remains to be further investigated, especially in patients undergoing acute type A aortic dissection (AAD). Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is involved in the inflammatory process and has recently been identified as a biomarker of cerebral dysfunction. We explored the hypothesis that IL-6 was one of the critical causes of POD after surgical repair of AAD. Methods Plasma IL-6 was measured using electrochemiluminescence technology in patients preoperatively and 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after surgical repair of acute type A aortic dissection. After the first three postoperative days, delirium was evaluated twice daily using the Confusion Assessment Method. ROC curves were used to evaluate the ability of IL-6 measurements to distinguish POD. Results The incidence of POD was 14.03% (31 of 221 patients). The patients in the POD group were significantly older than the patients in the non-POD group (56.48 ± 11.68 years vs 52.22 ± 10.50 years, P = 0.040). Plasma IL-6 concentrations were significantly higher in the POD group than in the non-POD group at three time points: preoperatively, after 24 h, and after 48 h. The AUC values corresponding to IL-6 preoperatively and 24 h after surgery were 0.73 and 0.72, respectively. Conclusions Cerebral dysfunction after the surgical repair of AAD shows elevated stress levels and inflammatory responses. Plasma IL-6 is a potential biomarker to predict the onset of POD in acute type A aortic dissection patients following surgical repair.


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