AIDS-related malignancies

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Cassidy ◽  
Donald Bissett ◽  
Roy A. J. Spence OBE ◽  
Miranda Payne ◽  
Gareth Morris-Stiff
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Underlying Malignancy ◽  
Direct Infiltration

These manifestations of cancer are not due to direct infiltration or invasion, but are usually mediated by hormonal or other aberrant signaling. The chapter deals with the more common of these that effect the endocrine, neurological , haematological or dermatological systems. There are many of these which are relatively uncommon but bring a differential diagnosis of underlying malignancy.

scholarly journals Neuro-Sweet syndrome - a rare differential diagnosis in aseptic meningoencephalitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elgin Hoffmann ◽  
Christian Boßelmann ◽  
Stephan Forchhammer ◽  
Holger Lerche ◽  
Tobias Freilinger
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Neutrophilic Dermatosis ◽  
Sweet Syndrome ◽  
Underlying Malignancy ◽  
Rare Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Acute Febrile Neutrophilic Dermatosis ◽  
Erythematous Skin ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Dermal Lesions

AbstractAcute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet‘s syndrome) is a dermatological entity, which may be associated with malignancies, drugs, and infections and which is characterized by high fever, elevated neutrophils, and tender erythematous skin lesions. Involvement of the nervous system – Neuro-Sweet syndrome (NSS) - is rare, manifesting most commonly with an encephalitic syndrome in addition to fever and dermal lesions. Here, we report an unusual case of NSS in a Caucasian male patient in the setting of B-cell-lymphocytosis, with encephalitis preceding dermal lesions. Symptoms resolved completely in response to corticoids.NSS is a rare, but important differential diagnosis in the work-up of febrile aseptic meningoencephalitis unresponsive to anti-infectious treatment. Due to its rarity and clinical variability, diagnosis of NSS might be challenging. Knowledge of this entity may facilitate proper diagnosis and differentiation from conditions with similar clinical presentation, especially Neuro-Behçet‘s disease. It may further lead to early detection of a potentially underlying malignancy and help in initiating adequate therapy.

scholarly journals Keeping an open mind about meningitis: a case report of carcinomatous meningitis

CJEM ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (05) ◽  
pp. 352-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Walkty ◽  
Burton Abbott ◽  
Neil Swirsky ◽  
Janice Safneck ◽  
John M. Embil
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
White Cell Count ◽  
Radicular Pain ◽  
Viral Meningitis ◽  
Carcinomatous Meningitis ◽  
Primary Malignancy ◽  
Meningeal Irritation ◽  
Underlying Malignancy ◽  
Elevated Protein ◽  
Leptomeningeal Infiltration

ABSTRACT: Carcinomatous meningitis is defined as leptomeningeal infiltration by malignant cells. A case of carcinomatous meningitis, originally diagnosed as viral meningitis, is presented here to highlight the importance of maintaining a broad differential diagnosis in patients with evidence of meningeal irritation. Clinical and laboratory clues that suggest a diagnosis of carcinomatous meningitis in a patient with meningeal irritation include the presence and type of underlying malignancy (more common with breast cancer, lung cancer, and melanoma), absence of fever, presence of radicular pain, evidence of both cranial and spinal involvement, consistent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings (increased opening pressure, elevated protein concentration, decreased glucose, increased white cell count), and supportive neuroimaging. Diagnosis is based on positive CSF cytology results, which may require multiple lumbar puncture procedures to obtain. For patients with a known primary malignancy who present to the emergency department with symptoms and/or signs of meningeal irritation, carcinomatous meningitis should be included in the differential diagnosis.

scholarly journals Case Report: Non-infectious causes of palmoplantar rashes, what to consider

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmi Advani ◽  
Danit Arad
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Metastatic Colon Cancer ◽  
Medication Side Effect ◽  
Underlying Malignancy ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Medication Side ◽  
Hands And Feet

Background: Palm and sole skin eruptions have a broad differential diagnosis. It is particularly important to recognize common causes as well as their association with certain chemotherapy regimens such as Capecitabine. Case report: A 79-year-old woman presented with a painful rash on her hands and feet for 1 week. She had metastatic colon cancer and was in her third week of treatment with capecitabine. Her diagnosis was a medication side-effect from chemotherapy. Capecitabine was stopped and she had some clinical improvement over the next two days. She was discharged with oncology follow up for resumption of Capecitabine at a lower dose with improvement in her rash 3 weeks later.
 Discussion: Skin rashes are a commonly encountered complaint in patients in the inpatient and outpatient setting. It is important to maintain a broad differential diagnosis in those with rashes of the palmoplantar surfaces of the hands and feet. Recognizing skin changes as a possible manifestation of underlying malignancy or a medication side-effect is key in appropriate diagnosis and treatment.

Tumor Diagnosis

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 262-265
Author(s):  
Bruce Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Specific Diagnosis ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Microscopic Diagnosis

The broadest application of transmission electron microscopy (EM) in diagnostic medicine is the identification of tumors that cannot be classified by routine light microscopy. EM is useful in the evaluation of approximately 10% of human neoplasms, but the extent of its contribution varies considerably. It may provide a specific diagnosis that can not be reached by other means, but in contrast, the information obtained from ultrastructural study of some 10% of tumors does not significantly add to that available from light microscopy. Most cases fall somewhere between these two extremes: EM may correct a light microscopic diagnosis, or serve to narrow a differential diagnosis by excluding some of the possibilities considered by light microscopy. It is particularly important to correlate the EM findings with data from light microscopy, clinical examination, and other diagnostic procedures.

The Preschool Stuttering Screen for Health Care Professionals

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
Joseph Donaher ◽  
Christina Deery ◽  
Sarah Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Developmental Profile

Healthcare professionals require a thorough understanding of stuttering since they frequently play an important role in the identification and differential diagnosis of stuttering for preschool children. This paper introduces The Preschool Stuttering Screen for Healthcare Professionals (PSSHP) which highlights risk factors identified in the literature as being associated with persistent stuttering. By integrating the results of the checklist with a child’s developmental profile, healthcare professionals can make better-informed, evidence-based decisions for their patients.

The Effect of Sensori-Neural Hearing Loss on Threshold-Duration Functions

1968 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 842-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. N. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Time Constant ◽  
Present Series ◽  
Auditory Disorders ◽  
Threshold Duration

Previous findings on the threshold for tones as a function of their duration have suggested that such functions may be systematically affected by sensori-neural hearing losses of cochlear origin. The present series of investigations was designed to explore this relation further and to determine also whether the amount of hearing loss present has any effect upon the results which are obtained. Preliminary studies were also carried out on a conductively impaired listener to indicate whether hearing losses of this type affect the threshold-duration function. The results indicate that the threshold-duration function is systematically affected by sensori-neural hearing losses of cochlear origin. This effect is manifested by a progressive shortening of the time constant relating threshold to duration and is not uniquely related to the amount of hearing loss present. The results obtained from the conductively impaired listener suggested that this type of hearing loss has no effect on the threshold-duration function, thereby implying that such functions may contribute significantly to the differential diagnosis of auditory disorders.

POST-TRANSFUSION PURPURA VS. HEPARIN-INDUCED THROMBOCYTOPENIA: DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Araujo ◽  
J. J. Sa ◽  
V. Araujo ◽  
M. Lopes ◽  
L. M. Cunha-Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia

A Historical Review of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome in the “Guides Library”

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Robert J. Barth
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome ◽  
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy ◽  
International Association ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Sixth Edition

Abstract Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a controversial, ambiguous, unreliable, and unvalidated concept that, for these very reasons, has been justifiably ignored in the “AMA Guides Library” that includes the AMAGuides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), the AMA Guides Newsletter, and other publications in this suite. But because of the surge of CRPS-related medicolegal claims and the mission of the AMA Guides to assist those who adjudicate such claims, a discussion of CRPS is warranted, especially because of what some believe to be confusing recommendations regarding causation. In 1994, the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) introduced a newly invented concept, CRPS, to replace the concepts of reflex sympathetic dystrophy (replaced by CRPS I) and causalgia (replaced by CRPS II). An article in the November/December 1997 issue of The Guides Newsletter introduced CRPS and presciently recommended that evaluators avoid the IASP protocol in favor of extensive differential diagnosis based on objective findings. A series of articles in The Guides Newsletter in 2006 extensively discussed the shortcomings of CRPS. The AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, notes that the inherent lack of injury-relatedness for the nonvalidated concept of CRPS creates a dilemma for impairment evaluators. Focusing on impairment evaluation and not on injury-relatedness would greatly simplify use of the AMA Guides.

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