The paraphilias

2012 ◽  
pp. 832-842
Author(s):  
J. Paul Fedoroff
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Life Story

The characteristic essential to all paraphilias is the presence of a persistent and/or recurrent, sexually motivated interest that causes harm. This definition has several implications, discussed in this chapter. Also covered are classification of the paraphilias, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, epidemiology, aetiology and the four major explanatory perspectives that have been identified (disease, behavioural, dimensional, and life story), course and prognosis, and finally treatment and management.

Classification of papillary thyroid carcinoma histological images based on deep learning

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yaning Liu ◽  
Lin Han ◽  
Hexiang Wang ◽  
Bo Yin
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Histological Image ◽  
Histological Images

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is a common carcinoma in thyroid. As many benign thyroid nodules have the papillary structure which could easily be confused with PTC in morphology. Thus, pathologists have to take a lot of time on differential diagnosis of PTC besides personal diagnostic experience and there is no doubt that it is subjective and difficult to obtain consistency among observers. To address this issue, we applied deep learning to the differential diagnosis of PTC and proposed a histological image classification method for PTC based on the Inception Residual convolutional neural network (IRCNN) and support vector machine (SVM). First, in order to expand the dataset and solve the problem of histological image color inconsistency, a pre-processing module was constructed that included color transfer and mirror transform. Then, to alleviate overfitting of the deep learning model, we optimized the convolution neural network by combining Inception Network and Residual Network to extract image features. Finally, the SVM was trained via image features extracted by IRCNN to perform the classification task. Experimental results show effectiveness of the proposed method in the classification of PTC histological images.

scholarly journals Thoracic Kidney: Extremely Rare State of Aberrant Kidney

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Khoshchehreh ◽  
Omalbanin Paknejad ◽  
Mehrdad Bakhshayesh-Karam ◽  
Marzieh Pazoki
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Rare Form ◽  
Renal Ectopia ◽  
Diagnosis And Management

The thorax is the rarest place among all forms of renal ectopia. We report a rare case of an unacquired thoracic kidney. Only about 200 cases of the thoracic kidney have ever been reported in medical literature worldwide. In this paper we present the rarest form of nontraumatic nonhernia associated, truly ectopic thoracic kidney. The differential diagnosis and management options and classification of this rare form of aberrant kidney are discussed.

Scleroderma and Related Disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Antinuclear Antibodies ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Localized Scleroderma ◽  
Eosinophilic Fasciitis ◽  
Tomographic Images ◽  
Computed Tomographic

Scleroderma spectrum diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders that are distinguished by abnormalities of the connective tissue in the skin and, in some cases, other organs. Each disorder may be characterized by the extent of cutaneous and internal involvement, as well as histopathologic features of skin biopsy. Scleroderma spectrum diseases include systemic scleroderma, localized scleroderma, and eosinophilic fasciitis. This chapter reviews the classification, epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology and pathogenesis, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, outcome measures, management, and clinical course of scleroderma as well as the definition and classification, etiology/genetics, differential diagnosis, and treatment of localized scleroderma. Also discussed are the definition and classification, epidemiology, etiology/genetics/pathogenesis, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment of eosinophilic fasciitis. Tables review the classification of—and antinuclear antibodies in—scleroderma as well as the key assessments and interventions in scleroderma management. Figures illustrate the disease's presentation and clinical manifestations, including several images of scleroderma of the hands; face, palmar, and buccal telangiectasias in a patient with scleroderma; a radiograph demonstrating calcinosis of the elbow; Raynaud’s phenomenon; high-resolution computed tomographic images of diffuse cutaneous scleroderma, scleroderma and severe pulmonary hypertension, and limited cutaneous scleroderma; plus an esophagram demonstrating hypomotility. This review contains 11 highly rendered figures, 3 tables, and 72 references.

Atrial fibrillation and supraventricular arrhythmias

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demosthenes Katritsis ◽  
A John Camm
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Acute Management ◽  
Supraventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
Acute Therapy ◽  
Supraventricular Tachycardias

This chapter discusses the acute management of patients presenting with tachyarrhythmias suggestive of regular supraventricular tachycardias (SVT) and/or atrial fibrillation (AF). A classification of narrow- and wide-QRS tachycardias is presented, and the differential diagnosis of narrow- and wide-QRS tachycardias is discussed. Principles of acute therapy are presented either in the context of acute therapy before establishing a definitive diagnosis or for particular arrhythmia entities with an established diagnosis of a regular SVT or AF.

MicroRNA-based assay for differential diagnosis of squamous from non-squamous non-small cell lung carcinoma

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 11069-11069
Author(s):  
D. Lebanony ◽  
H. Benjamin ◽  
S. Gilad ◽  
K. Ashkenazi ◽  
D. Nonaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Diagnostic Assay ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Qrt Pcr

11069 Background: Recent advances in biologically directed therapies for non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) emphasize the need for more accurate sub-classification of NSCLC, as treatment may be dictated by histologic subtype. In particular, squamous histology can be a counter-indication for treatment by VEGF inhibitors. MicroRNAs are highly tissue-specific biomarkers with potential clinical applicability for defining cancer type and origin. MicroRNAs are well preserved in formalin fixed tissue, making them ideal candidates for molecular markers for use in routinely processed material. Here we report on the development and performance of a microRNA-based assay for the differential diagnosis of squamous from non-squamous NSCLC. Methods: We developed protocols for extraction of high-quality RNA that retain the microRNA fraction from FFPE archival tissue samples. MicroRNA microarrays were used to profile more than a hundred NSCLC samples. Specific microRNA qRT-PCR was used to validate results, and to develop a diagnostic assay. Results: We identified a microRNA biomarker that is strongly overexpressed in squamous cell NSCLC. A diagnostic assay (miRview squamous) was developed, that utilizes qRT-PCR measurement of this microRNA, normalized by an additional microRNA and a small nuclear RNA. This assay was validated on a blinded test set of 64 tumor samples, and had sensitivity of 97% and specificity of 91%. More than ¾ of the samples were classified with high confidence, and these classifications were accurate in 96% of the cases. Conclusions: MicroRNAs are becoming an important tool for classification of cancers. A diagnostic assay based on the specificity of a single microRNA accurately identifies squamous from non-squamous NSCLC. This assay provides an important new tool for the classification of NSCLC. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals A New Classification of Endodontic-Periodontal Lesions

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid S. Al-Fouzan
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Classification ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Simultaneous Existence ◽  
Endodontic Disease

The interrelationship between periodontal and endodontic disease has always aroused confusion, queries, and controversy. Differentiating between a periodontal and an endodontic problem can be difficult. A symptomatic tooth may have pain of periodontal and/or pulpal origin. The nature of that pain is often the first clue in determining the etiology of such a problem. Radiographic and clinical evaluation can help clarify the nature of the problem. In some cases, the influence of pulpal pathology may cause the periodontal involvement and vice versa. The simultaneous existence of pulpal problems and inflammatory periodontal disease can complicate diagnosis and treatment planning. An endo-perio lesion can have a varied pathogenesis which ranges from simple to relatively complex one. The differential diagnosis of endodontic and periodontal diseases can sometimes be difficult, but it is of vital importance to make a correct diagnosis for providing the appropriate treatment. This paper aims to discuss a modified clinical classification to be considered for accurately diagnosing and treating endo-perio lesion.

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