Emotion Dysregulation in Adolescents with Borderline Personality Disorder

2017 ◽  
pp. 259-280
Author(s):  
Carla Sharp ◽  
Timothy J. Trull
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Dialectical Behavior Therapy ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Impulsive Behavior ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies

This chapter discusses adolescent Borderline Personality Disorder, which is characterized by instability in moods, self-image and behavior, often leading to impulsive behavior and unstable interpersonal relationships. Theoretical and clinical research recognizes the critical role emotions play, making it a quintessential emotion regulation disorder. Additionally, theories emphasize that family environment and/or attachment style are influencing factors in the development of poor emotion regulation competencies. Theories align suggesting reciprocal relationships between emotion dysregulation and alternative domains of functioning. A multi-component model of BPD has been posited theorizing emotion sensitivity (inherent from birth) exacerbates experiences of negative stimulus leading to heightened levels of negative affect making it difficult to learn and implement adaptive emotion regulation strategies. Consequently, dysregulation occurs, which reinforces the bias towards negative stimuli. Currently, six BPD interventions exist, three are evidenced in randomized controlled studies; including Dialectical behavior therapy, Helping Young People Early program and Mentalization-based treatment.

Is borderline personality disorder really an emotion dysregulation disorder and, if so, how? A comprehensive experimental paradigm

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Skye Fitzpatrick ◽  
Sonya Varma ◽  
Janice R. Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Vagal Tone ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Emotional Recovery

Abstract Background Leading theories suggest that borderline personality disorder (BPD) is an emotion dysregulation disorder involving lower basal vagal tone, higher baseline emotion, heightened emotional reactivity, delayed emotional recovery, and emotion regulation deficits. However, the literature to date lacks a unifying paradigm that tests all of the main emotion dysregulation components and comprehensively examines whether BPD is an emotion dysregulation disorder and, if so, in what ways. This study addresses the empirical gaps with a unified paradigm that assessed whether BPD is characterized by five leading emotion dysregulation components compared to generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and healthy control (HC) groups. Methods Emotion was assessed across self-report, sympathetic, and parasympathetic indices. Participants with BPD, GAD, and HCs (N = 120) first underwent baseline periods assessing basal vagal tone and baseline emotional intensity, followed by rejection-themed stressors assessing emotional reactivity. Participants then either reacted normally to assess emotional recovery or attempted to decrease emotion using mindfulness or distraction to assess emotion regulation implementation deficits. Results Individuals with BPD and GAD exhibited higher self-reported and sympathetic baseline emotion compared to HCs. The BPD group also exhibited self-reported emotion regulation deficits using distraction only compared to the GAD group. Conclusions There is minimal support for several emotion dysregulation components in BPD, and some components that are present appear to be pervasive across high emotion dysregulation groups rather than specific to BPD. However, BPD may be characterized by problems disengaging from emotion using distraction.

Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Emotion-Focused Therapies for Eating Disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunice Chen ◽  
Angelina Yiu ◽  
Debra Safer
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Behavior Therapy ◽  
Dialectical Behavior Therapy ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Further Development

This chapter provides a description and review of the research evidence for the adaptation of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) and emotion-focused therapies for eating disorders (EDs). First, the chapter briefly describes the standard DBT program as originally developed for women with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and the evidence for standard DBT with BPD. Second, the rationale for the adaptation of DBT for EDs is given and preliminary evidence for DBT and other emotion-focused treatments is described. Finally, the Stanford DBT program for EDs is outlined. Given the promise of alternative treatments for eating disorders, further development, adaptation, and testing of transdiagnostic emotion regulation treatments is warranted.

scholarly journals Interpersonal Problems in Borderline Personality Disorder: Associations with Mentalizing, Emotion Regulation, and Impulsiveness

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Euler ◽  
Tobias Nolte ◽  
Matthew Constantinou ◽  
Julia Griem ◽  
P. Read Montague ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Inventory Of Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Difficulties In Emotion Regulation ◽  
Path Models

Interpersonal problems are a core symptom of borderline personality disorder (BPD). This study investigated the relationship between emotion dysregulation, impulsiveness, and impaired mentalizing in the context of predicting interpersonal problems in BPD. A total of 210 patients with BPD completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ), and Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP-32). The authors conducted three path models, with either mentalizing, emotion regulation, or impulsiveness as the exogenous variable. Emotion dysregulation and attentional impulsiveness predicted interpersonal problems directly, whereas hypomentalizing predicted interpersonal problems only indirectly throughout emotion dysregulation and attentional impulsiveness. The results suggest that these domains contribute significantly to interpersonal problems in BPD. Moreover, hypomentalizing might affect on interpersonal problems via its effect on impulsiveness and emotion regulation. The authors argue that focusing on emotion regulation and mentalizing in BPD treatments might have interlinked beneficial effects on interpersonal problems.

scholarly journals Efectividad y aceptabilidad del entrenamiento en habilidades de la terapia dialéctica comportamental para familiares de personas con trastorno de personalidad límite

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
María V. Navarro-Haro ◽  
Nuria Pérez-Hernández ◽  
Susana Serrat ◽  
Miquel Gasol-Colomina
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Behavior Therapy ◽  
Dialectical Behavior Therapy ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Mindfulness Skills

 Abstract: Effectivity and acceptability of dialectical behavioral therapy skills training for family members of people with borderline personality disorder. Social and family environment is fundamental in the development and maintenance of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). Despite family members of people with BPD have more risk of suffering from psychological problems, there are not empirically-supported interventions for this population. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) has been adapted for families of people with BPD with encouraging results. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of a 25-session intervention based on DBT in a sample of 7 family members of people with BPD and in a Spanish context. Pre-post treatment changes in the variables: emotional burden, depression, anxiety, difficulties in emotion regulation, and mindfulness skills, were measured. Preliminary results showed significant improvements in anxiety, emotion regulation and mindfulness and good implementation of the intervention. This study may benefit the implementation of family interventions for family members of people with BPD.Resumen: El ambiente social y familiar es fundamental en el desarrollo y mantenimiento del Trastorno Límite de la Personalidad (TLP). A pesar de que los familiares de personas con TLP tienen más riesgo de padecer problemas psicológicos, no existen intervenciones empíricamente validadas para esta población. La Terapia Dialéctica Comportamental (Dialectical Behavior Therapy, DBT) se ha adaptado para familiares de personas con TLP con resultados alentadores. El objetivo principal del estudio fue evaluar la efectividad y la aceptabilidad de una intervención de 25 sesiones basada en DBT en una muestra de 7 familiares de personas con TLP y en un contexto español. Se midieron los cambios pre-post tratamiento en las variables agotamiento emocional, depresión, ansiedad, desregulación emocional y atención plena. Los resultados mostraron mejoras significativas en ansiedad, regulación emocional y atención plena y una buena aceptación de la intervención. Este estudio podría favorecer la implantación de intervenciones para familiares de personas con TLP. 

scholarly journals Body connection mediates the relationship between traumatic childhood experiences and impaired emotion regulation in borderline personality disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Schmitz ◽  
Katja Bertsch ◽  
Annette Löffler ◽  
Sylvia Steinmann ◽  
Sabine C. Herpertz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Body Awareness ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
The Body ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Previous studies revealed an association between traumatic childhood experiences and emotional dysregulation in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, possible mediating pathways are still not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential mediating role of body connection, describing the awareness of the relationship of bodily and mental states, for the association between a history of traumatic childhood experiences and BPD core symptomatology. Methods One-hundred-twelve adult female individuals with BPD and 96 healthy female controls (HC) were included. Impaired emotion regulation, traumatic childhood experiences, and BPD symptomatology were assessed with self-report questionnaires. The Scale of Body Connection was used to assess two dimensions of body connection, that is body awareness, describing attendance to bodily information in daily life and noticing bodily responses to emotions and/or environment and body dissociation, describing a sense of separation from one’s own body, due to avoidance or emotional disconnection. Mann-Whitney U tests were employed to test for group differences (BPD vs. HC) on the two SBC subscales and associations with clinical symptoms were analyzed with Spearman correlations. We performed mediation analyses in the BPD group to test the assumption that body connection could act as a mediator between a history of traumatic childhood experiences and emotion dysregulation. Results Individuals with BPD reported significantly lower levels of body awareness and significantly higher levels of body dissociation compared to HC. Body dissociation, traumatic childhood experiences, and emotion dysregulation were significantly positively associated. Further analyses revealed that body dissociation, but not body awareness, significantly and fully mediated the positive relationship between traumatic childhood experiences and impaired emotion regulation in the BPD sample. This mediation survived when trait dissociation, i.e., general dissociative experiences not necessarily related to the body, was statistically controlled for. Conclusion Certain dimensions of body connection seem to be disturbed in BPD patients, with body dissociation being an important feature linking a history of traumatic childhood experiences to current deficits in emotion regulation.

scholarly journals Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Emotion Regulation Changes in Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder in Delta Region of Egypt

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
Noha F. M. Fnoon ◽  
Mai A. Eissa ◽  
Ehab E. Ramadan ◽  
Hossam E. El-Sawy ◽  
Ahmed M. A. Abd El-Karim
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Behavior Therapy ◽  
Dialectical Behavior Therapy ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Treatment As Usual

Background: Researchers have proved the role of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) in improving emotion regulation skills in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Further researches for its effect in different cultures was needed. The current study aimed to examine the effectiveness of DBT relative to treatment as usual “TAU” in improving emotional regulation in BPD patients of the delta region of Egypt. Subjects and Methods: We conducted a prospective, comparative, non-randomized study. Eligible patients were assigned at their convenience or according to the immediate availability of treatment slots to a comprehensive DBT program integrating DBT skills into skills training schedule or treatment as usual (TAU). Patients were assessed at baseline, and follow up assessment at 4, 8, 12, and 16 months was done using the Arabic version of, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Results: DBT patients showed better and lower scores of emotion regulation and distress tolerance scales in comparison to TAU. Overall, these positive outcomes were maintained in follow-up for four months post-treatment year. Conclusions: We provide the superior efficacy of DBT in improving emotion regulation in delta region's patients with BPD in comparison to TAU.

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