Four Paradigms of Legal Change: American Conservative Halachic Rulings on Women’s Roles in Synagogue Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-194
Author(s):  
Iddo Haklai
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Women's Roles ◽  
Legal Change ◽  
Conservative Movement ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Women’S Roles ◽  
Conservative Judaism

Abstract Conservative Judaism in North America has undergone significant changes over the last seventy years regarding the issue of women’s roles within the synagogue. A review of different halachic responsa addressing women’s participation in three central functions of public prayer—receiving aliyot to the Torah, leading public prayer, and being counted in the prayer quorum, the minyan—reveals four different paradigms of legal change within the Conservative Movement and allows us to recognize certain trends throughout time.

Contemporary Indigenous Women’s Roles: Traditional Teachings or Internalized Colonialism?

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (15-16) ◽  
pp. 2083-2101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyndy Baskin
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Indigenous Women ◽  
Women's Roles ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Women’S Roles ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
The Way

Prior to the colonization of Turtle Island, Indigenous women held leadership roles within their communities. Colonization brought patriarchy and racism which attacked women’s identities. Violence toward Indigenous women and girls continues to be a tool of the colonial state while many Indigenous peoples have internalized patriarchal beliefs which manifests in the way they view women’s identities. This article argues that patriarchy may have infiltrated so-called “traditional teachings” that dictate rules about women’s participation in spiritual and cultural practices. It highlights the voices of Indigenous women who discuss this exclusion and how they are taking back their power.

The Imaginary Society: Women in 1381

2001 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Federico
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Imaginary Component ◽  
Feminist Studies ◽  
Women's Roles ◽  
Collective Actions ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Women’S Roles ◽  
Widespread Interest

On June 16, in the midst of the disturbances at Cambridge during the Rising of 1381, a woman named Margery Starre was said to have tossed the ashes of burnt documents to the winds, crying as she did so, “away with the learning of clerks! away with it!” The story of this woman's violence against texts is not unknown—it has been noted several times in major studies of the revolt—but its significance as part of the much larger story of women in 1381 has been overlooked.Instances of women's participation appear in the judicial records, chronicles, and poetry produced in the decade following the revolt. These texts depict women as independent leaders and maintainers of rebel bands, as instigators of others' violence, and as accomplices with their family members in criminal acts. They also “participated” as victims: women were assaulted, abducted, and threatened with death, and their property was frequently stolen or destroyed. Despite the evidence, and despite the recent and widespread interest of medievalists in both social history and feminist studies, women's roles in the revolt have gone largely unexamined. In this initial sense, the women constitute an imaginary component of their society: overlooked and ignored by the scholarship, their presence in 1381 is assumed to be unreal. From the absence of study comes the absence of women in history.But we should not be so surprised to “discover” women in 1381, since earlier and later medieval collective actions feature women either in active roles or functioning as symbols of insurrection.

The “Narco-stories” of Kate del Castillo: Stardom, Gender, and Entrepreneurship in a Transnational Context

2019 ◽  
pp. 152747641987754
Author(s):  
Juan Llamas-Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Popular Media ◽  
Women's Roles ◽  
First Person ◽  
Cultural Productions ◽  
Women’S Roles ◽  
Media Organizations

This article analyzes the transnational persona of actress Kate del Castillo across her portrayals of female narcotraffickers, her transmedia interactions with audiences, and her pursuit of a film project on the life of Joaquín “El Chapo” Guzmán, former leader of the Sinaloa Cartel. Through discourse and textual analysis of news coverage, popular media, and first-person testimonials, this article argues that del Castillo’s persona of a rogue entrepreneur on-screen and off-screen shaped her success and made her a target for state and media organizations. Del Castillo’s narrative struggles across media and languages countered longstanding conceptions of women’s roles in narcotrafficking and in narco-cultural productions. The article illuminates the continued appeal that the cultural grammar of narcotrafficking holds as a way to articulate power in North America.

Invisible Revolutionaries: Women' s Participation in the Revolution of Dignity

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Nikolayenko
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Women's Roles ◽  
Women's Activism ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Women’S Roles ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

The article develops a typology of revolutions based upon women's roles over the course of revolutionary struggle. In addition to the patriarchal and the emancipatory models, the study proposes a hybrid model of women's participation in a revolution, characterized by the diversity and fluidity of women's roles. According to the hybrid model, women’s involvement in a revolution can follow three different strategies: (1) acquiescence to a traditional gender-based division of labor, (2) appropriation of the masculine forms of resistance, and (3) mixing of diverse modes of action. Using the case of the 2013–2014 Revolution of Dignity in Ukraine, the empirical analysis demonstrates multifaceted forms of women's activism. The study contributes to the literature by broadening the conceptualization of women's participation in a contemporary urban revolution.

Women’s Roles in Technical Innovation

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ipek Ilkkaracan ◽  
Helen Appleton
Keyword(s):  
Technical Innovation ◽  
Women's Roles ◽  
Women’S Roles

scholarly journals Neo-Ibuism in Indonesian Politics: Election Campaigns of Wives of Regional Heads in West Sumatra in 2019

2021 ◽  
pp. 186810342198906
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ichsan Kabullah ◽  
M. Nurul Fajri
Keyword(s):  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Women's Roles ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Political Resources ◽  
Political Networks ◽  
Women’S Roles ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
The Public Sphere

This article focuses on electoral victories by wives of regional heads in West Sumatra province during Indonesia’s 2019 elections. We argue that these victories can be explained by the emergence of a phenomenon we label “neo-ibuism.” We draw on the concept of “state ibuism,” previously used to describe the gender ideology of the authoritarian Soeharto regime, which emphasised women’s roles as mothers ( ibu) and aimed to domesticate them politically. Neo-ibuism, by contrast, allows women to play an active role in the public sphere, including in elections, but in ways that still emphasise women’s roles within the family. The wives of regional government heads who won legislative victories in West Sumatra not only relied on their husbands’ political resources to achieve victories, but they also used a range of political networks to reach out to voters, in ways that stressed both traditional gender roles and their own political agency.

The Curious Case of School Prayer: Political Entrepreneurship and the Resilience of Legal Institutions

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 394-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley D. Hays
Keyword(s):  
Religious Practice ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Legal Institutions ◽  
Legal Change ◽  
Conservative Movement ◽  
School Prayer ◽  
Equal Access Act ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Reagan Era

AbstractSchool prayer represents a curiosity of Reagan era politics. Reagan and the social conservative movement secured numerous successes in accommodating religious practice and faith in the public sphere. Yet, when it came to restoring voluntary school prayer, conservatives never succeeded in securing the judicial victory that they sought despite conditions that seemingly favored change. Herein, we attempt to reconcile Reagan era successes with Reagan era failures by exploring Reagan's entrepreneurial activity to affect both the demand (i.e., judges) and supply (i.e., litigants) side of legal change. Identifying Reagan's entrepreneurial activities in his attempt to alter national social policy reveals the resilience of legal institutions to presidential and partisan regimes. Reagan's efforts to change national school prayer policy gained some measure of legislative success by securing the Equal Access Act but it failed to garner a change in school prayer jurisprudence. We conclude by noting that the difficulty of influencing both the demand and supply side of legal change in a timely manner and its implication for reconstructing policy through the courts.

Confluences in Social Change: Cuban Women and Health Care

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Olesen
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Women's Roles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Women’S Roles ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Care Problems

A somewhat neglected though thoroughly promising area for the analysis of changing women's roles lies in the matter of health and health care systems within any society. This is nowhere more the case than in the instance of contemporary Cuban health care and the part that women in that society play in the health care systems as deflners of health care problems, recipients of care, and as those who deliver care to others. Both women's roles and health care in contemporary Cuba have dramatically altered over the past decade, thus yielding doubly rich insights, which reciprocally illuminate both issues.

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