Increased virulence of albino mutant of Fonsecaea monophora in Galleria mellonella

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1018-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinghui Liu ◽  
Xiaowen Huang ◽  
Hongfang Liu ◽  
Liyan Xi ◽  
Chester R Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Immunological Mechanism ◽  
Fonsecaea Monophora ◽  
Albino Mutant ◽  
Predominant Pathogen ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Albino Strain

Abstract Fonsecaea monophora has been the predominant pathogen of chromoblastomycosis in Southern China, but its pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. New models are needed to study this infection. In the current study, we examined the role of melanin on the pathogenicity of F. monophora in Galleria mellonella model using melanin and albino strain. Interestingly, the albino mutant strain displayed higher pathogenicity compared to the melanin stain and restoration of melanin of albino mutant could reverse the pathogenicity. Histopathology showed that inflammatory nodules were bigger than that infected with albino cells, which suggested that melanized cells could trigger a robust cellular immune response of G. mellonella than albino cells. The activated immune response in G. mellonella induced by melanized cells might explain the decreased virulence of melanized cells in larvae model. While further study was needed to gain full insights into the molecular immunological mechanism in G. mellonella activated by melanin.

scholarly journals CMV-Specific Immune Response—New Patients, New Insight: Central Role of Specific IgG during Infancy and Long-Lasting Immune Deficiency after Allogenic Stem Cell Transplantation

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemyslaw Zdziarski
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Specific Immune Response ◽  
Primary Immune Response ◽  
Virus Reactivation ◽  
Allogenic Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Cellular Immune

Although the existing paradigm states that cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation is under the control of the cellular immune response, the role of humoral and innate counterparts are underestimated. The study analyzed the host–virus interaction i.e., CMV-immune response evolution during infection in three different clinical situations: (1) immunodeficient CMV-positive human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched bone marrow recipients after immunoablative conditioning as well as immunocompetent, (2) adult, and (3) infant with primary immune response. In the first situation, a fast and significant decrease of specific immunity was observed but reconstitution of marrow-derived B and natural killer (NK) cells was observed prior to thymic origin of T cells. The lowest CMV-IgG (93.2 RU/mL) was found just before CMV viremia. It is noteworthy that the sole and exclusive factor of CMV-specific immune response is a residual recipient antibody class IgG. The CMV-quantiferon increase was detected later, but in the first phase, phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced IFN-γ release was significantly lower than that of CMV-induced (“indeterminate” results). It corresponds with the increase of NK cells at the top of lymphocyte reconstitution and undetected CMV-specific CD8 cells using a pentamer technique. In immunocompetent adult (CMV-negative donor), the cellular and humoral immune response increased in a parallel manner, but symptoms of CMV mononucleosis persisted until the increase of specific IgG. During infancy, the decrease of the maternal CMV-IgG level to 89.08 RU/mL followed by clinical sequel, i.e., CMV replication, were described. My observations shed light on a unique host-CMV interaction and CMV-IgG role: they indicate that its significant decrease predicts CMV replication. Before primary cellular immune response development, the high level of residual CMV-IgG (about >100 R/mL) from mother or recipient prevents virus reactivation. The innate immune response and NK-dependent IFN-secretion should be further investigated.

Cellular immune response in Rhodnius prolixus: Role of ecdysone in hemocyte phagocytosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 711-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela B. Figueiredo ◽  
Daniele P. Castro ◽  
Nadir F. S. Nogueira ◽  
Eloi S. Garcia ◽  
Patrícia Azambuja
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Rhodnius Prolixus ◽  
Cellular Immune

The role of viruses in idiopathic peripheral facial palsy and cellular immune response

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 401-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
İrfan Kaygusuz ◽  
Ahmet Gödekmerdan ◽  
Erol Keleş ◽  
Turgut Karlidağ ◽  
Sinasi Yalçin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Facial Palsy ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Peripheral Facial Palsy ◽  
Cellular Immune

The role of experimental chronic renal failure and aluminium intoxication in cellular immune response

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Tzanno-Martins ◽  
L. S. Azevedo ◽  
N. Orii ◽  
E. Futata ◽  
V. Jorgetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Cellular Immune

scholarly journals Activation of cellular immune response in insect model host Galleria mellonella by fungal α-1,3-glucan

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwia Stączek ◽  
Agnieszka Zdybicka-Barabas ◽  
Adrian Wiater ◽  
Małgorzata Pleszczyńska ◽  
Małgorzata Cytryńska
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Metarhizium Acridum ◽  
Total Hemocyte Count ◽  
Hemocyte Count ◽  
Cellular Immune

Abstract Alpha-1,3-glucan, in addition to β-1,3-glucan, is an important polysaccharide component of fungal cell walls. It is reported for many fungal species, including human pathogenic genera: Aspergillus, Blastomyces, Coccidioides, Cryptococcus, Histoplasma and Pneumocystis, plant pathogens, e.g. Magnaporthe oryzae and entomopathogens, e.g. Metarhizium acridum. In human and plant pathogenic fungi, α-1,3-glucan is considered as a shield for the β-1,3-glucan layer preventing recognition of the pathogen by the host. However, its role in induction of immune response is not clear. In the present study, the cellular immune response of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella to Aspergillus niger α-1,3-glucan was investigated for the first time. The changes detected in the total hemocyte count (THC) and differential hemocyte count (DHC), formation of hemocyte aggregates and changes in apolipophorin III localization indicated activation of G. mellonella cellular mechanisms in response to immunization with A. niger α-1,3-glucan. Our results, which have clearly demonstrated the response of the insect immune system to this fungal cell wall component, will help in understanding the α-1,3-glucan role in immune response against fungal pathogens not only in insects but also in mammals, including humans.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document