scholarly journals Young stellar population gradients in central cluster galaxies from NUV and optical spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 500 (3) ◽  
pp. 3368-3381
Author(s):  
N Salvador-Rusiñol ◽  
M A Beasley ◽  
A Vazdekis ◽  
F La Barbera
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Stellar Population ◽  
Stellar Populations ◽  
Young Stars ◽  
Galactocentric Distance ◽  
Potential Wells ◽  
Cluster Galaxies ◽  
Central Cluster ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Galaxy Cores

ABSTRACT Central cluster galaxies are the largest and most massive galaxies in the Universe. Although they host very old stellar populations, several studies found the existence of blue cores in some BCGs indicating ongoing star formation. We analyse VLT/X-Shooter stacked spectra of 6 nearby massive central galaxies with high central velocity dispersions (σ > 300 km s−1) at different galactocentric distances. We quantify the young stellar population out to 4 kpc by fitting near-UV and optical absorption line indices with predictions of composite stellar populations modelled by an old and a young stellar component. We also use IMF-sensitive indices since these galaxies have been found to host a bottom-heavy IMF in their central regions. We derive negative young stellar populations gradients, with mass fractions of stars younger than 1 Gyr decreasing with galactocentric distance, from 0.70 per cent within 0.8 kpc to zero beyond 2 kpc. We also measure the mass fraction in young stars for individual galaxies in the highest S/N central regions. All the galaxies have young components of less than one percent. Our results clearly suggest that the star formation in massive central cluster galaxies takes place in their galaxy cores (<2 kpc), which, with deeper gravitational potential wells, are capable of retaining more gas. Among the possible sources for the gas required to form these young stars, our results are consistent with an in situ origin via stellar evolution, which is sufficient to produce the observed young stellar populations.

scholarly journals Satellites and central galaxies in SDSS: the influence of interactions on their properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 501 (1) ◽  
pp. 1046-1058
Author(s):  
Valeria Mesa ◽  
Sol Alonso ◽  
Georgina Coldwell ◽  
Diego García Lambas ◽  
J L Nilo Castellon
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Stellar Population ◽  
Star Formation Rate ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Stellar Populations ◽  
Control Sets ◽  
Central Galaxy ◽  
Star Formation Activity ◽  
Projected Distance

ABSTRACT We use SDSS-DR14 to construct a sample of galaxy systems consisting of a central object and two satellites. We adopt projected distance and radial velocity difference criteria and impose an isolation criterion to avoid membership in larger structures. We also classify the interaction between the members of each system through a visual inspection of galaxy images, finding ${\sim}80{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the systems lack evidence of interactions whilst the remaining ${\sim}20{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ involve some kind of interaction, as inferred from their observed distorted morphology. We have considered separately, samples of satellites and central galaxies, and each of these samples were tested against suitable control sets to analyse the results. We find that central galaxies showing signs of interactions present evidence of enhanced star formation activity and younger stellar populations. As a counterpart, satellite samples show these galaxies presenting older stellar populations with a lower star formation rate than the control sample. The observed trends correlate with the stellar mass content of the galaxies and with the projected distance between the members involved in the interaction. The most massive systems are less affected since they show no star formation excess, possibly due to their more evolved stage and less gas available to form new stars. Our results suggest that it is arguably a transfer of material during interactions, with satellites acting as donors to the central galaxy. As a consequence of the interactions, satellite stellar population ages rapidly and new bursts of star formation may frequently occur in the central galaxy.

scholarly journals Determination of Young Population Ages in Cluster Galaxies

1995 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 460-460
Author(s):  
B.M. Poggianti ◽  
G. Barbaro
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Young Stars ◽  
Young Population ◽  
Cluster Galaxies ◽  
Blue Galaxies

The “Butcher–Oemler” effect was originally defined as the excess of blue galaxies observed in distant rich clusters when compared to local counterparts. Subsequent observations revealed that a larger fraction of objects in clusters between 0.1 < z < 1 show signs in their spectra of the presence of young stars, i.e. of a recent (during the last 2 Gyrs) or current burst of star formation.

scholarly journals The hierarchical evolution of Brightest Cluster Galaxies: red galaxies in a young universe

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (S295) ◽  
pp. 200-203
Author(s):  
Chiara Tonini
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Stellar Populations ◽  
Star Formation History ◽  
Analytic Model ◽  
Cluster Galaxies ◽  
Star Formation Activity ◽  
Brightest Cluster Galaxies ◽  
Formation History ◽  
Red Galaxies ◽  
Analytic Models

AbstractWe investigate the evolution of Brightest Cluster Galaxies (BCGs) from redshift z ~ 1.6 to z = 0. We upgrade the hierarchical semi-analytic model of Croton et al. (2006) with a new spectro-photometric model that produces realistic galaxy spectra, making use of the Maraston (2005) stellar populations and a new recipe for the dust extinction. We compare the model predictions of the K-band luminosity evolution and the J-K, V-I and I-K colour evolution with a series of datasets, including Collins et al. (Nature, 2009) who argued that semi-analytic models based on the Millennium simulation cannot reproduce the red colours and high luminosity of BCGs at z > 1. We show instead that the model is well in range of the observed luminosity and correctly reproduces the colour evolution of BCGs in the whole redshift range up to z ~ 1.6. We argue that the success of the semi-analytic model is in large part due to the implementation of a more sophisticated spectro-photometric model. An analysis of the model BCGs shows an increase in mass by a factor 2-3 since z ~ 1, and star formation activity down to low redshifts. While the consensus regarding BCGs is that they are passively evolving, we argue that this conclusion is affected by the degeneracy between star formation history and stellar population models used in SED-fitting, and by the inefficacy of toy-models of passive evolution to capture the complexity of real galaxies, especially those with rich merger histories like BCGs. Following this argument, we also show that in the semi-analytic model, the BCGs show a realistic mix of stellar populations, and that these stellar populations are mostly old. In addition, the age-redshift relation of the model BCGs follows that of the Universe, meaning that given their merger history and star formation history, the ageing of BCGs is always dominated by the ageing of their stellar populations. In a ΛCDM Universe, we define such evolution as ‘passive in the hierarchical sense’.

scholarly journals “The mass distribution of the young stellar population in Chamaeleon I and in Rho Ophiuchi”

1991 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 427-429
Author(s):  
Jane C. Gregório Hetem ◽  
J.R.D. Lépine ◽  
R. Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Mass Distribution ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Stellar Population ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Young Stars ◽  
Rho Ophiuchi ◽  
Hr Diagram

We obtain the mass distribution and the age distribution of the young stars associated with Chamaeleon I and Rho Ophiuchi, two nearby sites of star formation. Our method consists in determining the temperature and the luminosity of each object in order to locate it on the HR diagram, and then comparing the position on the HR diagram with the evolutionary tracks and isochrones presented by Cohen and Kuhi (1979). The star-formation process is found to have started more recently in ρ Oph than in Cham I.

scholarly journals Dynamical masses of brightest cluster galaxies – II. Constraints on the stellar IMF

2020 ◽  
Vol 500 (3) ◽  
pp. 4153-4165
Author(s):  
S I Loubser ◽  
H Hoekstra ◽  
A Babul ◽  
Y M Bahé ◽  
M Donahue
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Lensing ◽  
Stellar Population ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Stellar Populations ◽  
Stellar Mass ◽  
Initial Mass Function ◽  
Dynamical Mass ◽  
Cluster Galaxies ◽  
Brightest Cluster Galaxies ◽  
Mass Profiles

ABSTRACT We use stellar and dynamical mass profiles, combined with a stellar population analysis, of 32 brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) at redshifts of 0.05 ≤$z$ ≤ 0.30, to place constraints on their stellar initial mass function (IMF). We measure the spatially resolved stellar population properties of the BCGs, and use it to derive their stellar mass-to-light ratios ($\Upsilon _{\star \rm POP}$). We find young stellar populations (&lt;200 Myr) in the centres of 22 per cent of the sample, and constant $\Upsilon _{\star \rm POP}$ within 15 kpc for 60 per cent of the sample. We further use the stellar mass-to-light ratio from the dynamical mass profiles of the BCGs ($\Upsilon _{\star \rm DYN}$), modelled using a multi-Gaussian expansion and Jeans Anisotropic Method, with the dark matter contribution explicitly constrained from weak gravitational lensing measurements. We directly compare the stellar mass-to-light ratios derived from the two independent methods, $\Upsilon _{\star \rm POP}$ (assuming some IMF) to $\Upsilon _{\star \rm DYN}$ for the subsample of BCGs with no young stellar populations and constant $\Upsilon _{\star \rm POP}$. We find that for the majority of these BCGs, a Salpeter (or even more bottom-heavy) IMF is needed to reconcile the stellar population and dynamical modelling results although for a small number of BCGs, a Kroupa (or even lighter) IMF is preferred. For those BCGs better fit with a Salpeter IMF, we find that the mass-excess factor against velocity dispersion falls on an extrapolation (towards higher masses) of known literature correlations. We conclude that there is substantial scatter in the IMF amongst the highest mass galaxies.

scholarly journals Stellar population gradients in GASS

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (S295) ◽  
pp. 304-307
Author(s):  
Jonas Johansson ◽  
Guinevere Kauffmann ◽  
Sean Moran
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Galaxy Formation ◽  
Stellar Population ◽  
Neutral Hydrogen ◽  
Stellar Populations ◽  
Element Abundance ◽  
Molecular Gas ◽  
Massive Galaxies ◽  
Additional Formation ◽  
Inside Out

AbstractWe study relationships between the stellar populations and interstellar medium in massive galaxies using the Galex Arecibo SDSS Survey (GASS). The sample consists of HI-observations (~1000 galaxies) and complementary H2-observations (330 galaxies) and long-slit spectroscopy (230 galaxies). Luminosity-weighted stellar population ages, metallicitites and element abundance ratios, are derived by fitting stellar population models of absorption line indices. We find that the ages correlate more strongly with molecular gas fraction (MH2/M*) than with neutral Hydrogen fraction (MHI/M*). This result strengthens the theory that H2 is a better tracer of star-formation than HI. The sample is dominated by negative metallicity-gradients and flat Mg/Fe-gradients. Galaxies with high MH2/M*-ratios show in general flat or weakly negative age-gradients. For low MH2/M*-ratios the age-gradients are overall negative. These results are in agreement with the inside-out galaxy formation scenario. For galaxies with high r90/r50-ratios, a sub-population show positive age-gradients indicating additional formation channels. Furthermore, for galaxies with high MH2/M*-ratios more massive systems have older stellar populations in their centers, suggesting downsizing within the inside-out formation scenario.

scholarly journals Star formation in bulges from GALEX

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (S245) ◽  
pp. 385-390
Author(s):  
Sukyoung K. Yi
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Young Stars ◽  
Star Formation History ◽  
Early Type ◽  
Limited Sample ◽  
Cluster Galaxies ◽  
Brightest Cluster Galaxies ◽  
Formation History ◽  
Formation And Evolution ◽  
Bulge Formation

AbstractEarly-type galaxies, considered as large bulges, have been found to have had a much-more-than-boring star formation history in recent years by the UV satellite GALEX. The most massive bulges, brightest cluster galaxies, appear to be relatively free of young stars. But smaller bulges, normal ellipticals and lenticulars, often show unambiguous sign of recent star formation in their UV flux. The fraction of such UV-bright bulges in the volume-limited sample climbs up to the staggering 30%. The bulges of spirals follow similar trends but a larger fraction showing signs of current and recent star formation. The implication on the bulge formation and evolution is discussed.

scholarly journals Stellar Populations and Local Group Membership of the Dwarf Galaxy DDO 210

1999 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 268-271
Author(s):  
Myung Gyoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Stellar Population ◽  
Local Group ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Dwarf Galaxy ◽  
Stellar Populations ◽  
Young Stars ◽  
Ccd Photometry ◽  
A Value ◽  
Red Giant

Deep BVI CCD photometry of dwarf galaxy DD0 210 obtained in this study shows that the resolved stellar population in this galaxy consists of a dominant old red giant population and some young stars. We have estimated the distance to this galaxy using the I-band magnitude of the tip of the red giant branch, obtaining a value of 1030±50 kpc. This result combined with the velocity of DDO 210 shows that DDO 210 is a member of the Local Group.

scholarly journals Stellar population synthesis: Application To Galactic Bulges

1993 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
pp. 133-150
Author(s):  
N. Arimoto
Keyword(s):  
Observational Data ◽  
Stellar Population ◽  
Stellar Populations ◽  
Population Synthesis ◽  
Firm Conclusion ◽  
Formation History ◽  
Stellar Population Synthesis ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Metallicity Distribution

The stellar populations give traces of the formation history of the bulges. The metallicity distribution of K-giants in the Galactic bulge resembles to that of the giant ellipticals. There seems to be no conspicuous colour-magnitude relation intrinsic to the bulges. This can be explained if the bulges formed by the dissipative collapse of central regions of proto-galaxies followed by the supernova-driven bulge wind which was induced later than the dwarf ellipticals of the similar mass (the biased wind). Unfortunately, the observational data available at present of stellar populations of the bulges are not yet sufficient to get a firm conclusion on the origin of the bulges.

scholarly journals Galaxy properties as revealed by MaNGA – I. Constraints on IMF and M*/L gradients in ellipticals

2019 ◽  
Vol 489 (4) ◽  
pp. 5612-5632 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Domínguez Sánchez ◽  
M Bernardi ◽  
J R Brownstein ◽  
N Drory ◽  
R K Sheth
Keyword(s):  
Stellar Population ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Elliptical Galaxies ◽  
Element Abundance ◽  
Galactocentric Distance ◽  
Massive Galaxies ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
S0 Galaxies ◽  
Mass Functions

ABSTRACT We estimate ages, metallicities, α-element abundance ratios, and stellar initial mass functions (IMFs) of elliptical (E) and S0 galaxies from the MaNGA-DR15 survey. We stack spectra and use a variety of single stellar population synthesis models to interpret the absorption line strengths in these spectra. We quantify how these properties vary across the population, as well as with galactocentric distance. This paper is the first of a series and is based on a sample of pure elliptical galaxies at z ≤ 0.08. We confirm previous work showing that IMFs in Es with the largest luminosity (Lr) and central velocity dispersion (σ0) appear to be increasingly bottom heavy towards their centres. For these galaxies the stellar mass-to-light ratio decreases at most by a factor of 2 from the central regions to Re. In contrast, for lower Lr and σ0 galaxies, the IMF is shallower and M*/Lr in the central regions is similar to the outskirts, although quantitative estimates depend on assumptions about element abundance gradients. Accounting self-consistently for these gradients when estimating both M* and Mdyn brings the two into good agreement: gradients reduce Mdyn by ∼0.2 dex while only slightly increasing the M* inferred using a Kroupa IMF. This is a different resolution of the M*–Mdyn discrepancy than has been followed in the recent literature where M* of massive galaxies is increased by adopting a Salpeter IMF throughout the galaxy while leaving Mdyn unchanged. A companion paper discusses how stellar population differences are even more pronounced if one separates slow from fast rotators.

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