High-throughput sequencing reveals landscapes of female germ cell development

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 738-747
Author(s):  
Zheng-Hui Zhao ◽  
Heide Schatten ◽  
Qing-Yuan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Molecular Signaling ◽  
Oocyte Growth ◽  
Germ Cell Development ◽  
Oocyte Meiosis ◽  
Female Germ Cell

Abstract Female germ cell development is a highly complex process that includes meiosis initiation, oocyte growth recruitment, oocyte meiosis retardation and resumption and final meiotic maturation. A series of coordinated molecular signaling factors ensure successful oogenesis. The recent rapid development of high-throughput sequencing technologies allows for the dynamic omics in female germ cells, which is essential for further understanding the regulatory mechanisms of molecular events comprehensively. In this review, we summarize the current literature of multi-omics sequenced by epigenome-, transcriptome- and proteome-associated technologies, which provide valuable information for understanding the regulation of key events during female germ cell development.

scholarly journals Somatic regulation of female germ cell regeneration and development in planarians

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umair W. Khan ◽  
Phillip A Newmark
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Molecular Signatures ◽  
Germ Cell Development ◽  
Ovarian Cells ◽  
Planarian Regeneration ◽  
Female Germ Cell ◽  
Oocyte Differentiation

Female germ cells develop into oocytes, with the capacity for totipotency. In most animals, these remarkable cells are specified during development and cannot be regenerated. By contrast, planarians, known for their regenerative prowess, can regenerate germ cells. To uncover mechanisms required for female germ cell development and regeneration, we generated gonad-specific transcriptomes and identified genes whose expression defines progressive stages of female germ cell development. Strikingly, early female germ cells share molecular signatures with the pluripotent stem cells driving planarian regeneration. We uncovered spatial heterogeneity within somatic ovarian cells and found that a regionally enriched FoxL homolog is required for oocyte differentiation, but not specification, suggestive of functionally distinct somatic compartments. Unexpectedly, a neurotransmitter-biosynthetic enzyme, AADC, is also expressed in somatic gonadal cells, and plays opposing roles in female and male germ cell development. Thus, somatic gonadal cells deploy conserved factors to regulate germ cell development and regeneration in planarians.

scholarly journals Single cell RNA sequencing reveals the landscape of early female germ cell development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng-Hui Zhao ◽  
Jun-Yu Ma ◽  
Tie-Gang Meng ◽  
Zhen-Bo Wang ◽  
Wei Yue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Germ Cell Development ◽  
New Information ◽  
Resolution Level ◽  
Female Germ Cell

ABSTRACTFemale germ cell development consists of complex events including sex determination, meiosis initiation, retardation and resumption. During early oogenesis, the asynchrony of the transition from mitosis to meiosis results in heterogeneity in the female germ cell populations at a certain embryonic stage, which limits the studies of meiosis initiation and progression at a higher resolution level. Here, we investigated the transcriptional profiles of 19363 single germ cells collected from E12.5, E14.5 and E16.5 mouse fetal ovaries. Clustering analysis identified seven groups and defined dozens of corresponding transcription factors, providing a global view of cellular differentiation from primordial germ cells towards meiocytes. Further, we explored the dynamics of gene expression within the developmental trajectory with special focus on the mechanisms underlying meiotic initiation. We found that Dpy30 may be involved in the regulation of meiosis initiation at the epigenetic level. Our data provide key insights into the transcriptome features of peri-meiotic female germ cells, which offers new information not only on meiosis initiation and progression but also on screening pathogenic mutations in meiosis-associated diseases.

scholarly journals Disorganization of the germ cell pool leads to primary ovarian insufficiency

Reproduction ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 153 (6) ◽  
pp. R205-R213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikko Kawashima ◽  
Kazuhiro Kawamura
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Primordial Follicle ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Primary Ovarian Insufficiency ◽  
Ovarian Insufficiency ◽  
Germ Cell Development ◽  
Female Germ Cell

The mammalian ovary is an organ that controls female germ cell development, storing them and releasing mature oocytes for transporting to the oviduct. During the fetal stage, female germ cells change from a proliferative state to meiosis before forming follicles with the potential for the growth of surrounding somatic cells. Understanding of molecular and physiological bases of germ cell development in the fetal ovary contributed not only to the elucidation of genetic disorders in primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), but also to the advancement of novel treatments for patients with POI. Accumulating evidence indicates that mutations inNOBOX,DAZLandFIGLAgenes are associated with POI. In addition, cell biology studies revealed the important roles of these genes as essential translational factors for germ cell development. Recent insights into the role of the PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase)-Akt signaling pathway in primordial follicle activation allowed the development of a new infertility treatment, IVA (in vitroactivation), leading to successful pregnancy/delivery in POI patients. Furthermore, elucidation of genetic dynamics underlying female germ cell development could allow regeneration of oocytes from ES (embryonic stem)/iPS (induced pluripotent stem) cells in mammals. The purpose of this review is to summarize basic findings related to female germ cell development and potential clinical implications, especially focusing on POI etiologies. We also summarize evolving new POI therapies based on IVA as well as oocyte regeneration.

In vitro reconstitution of germ cell development†

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuhiko Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Germ Cell Development ◽  
In Vitro Reconstitution ◽  
Key Issues

Abstract Germ cell development is a series of highly specialized processes through which diploid pluripotent cells differentiate into haploid gametes. The processes include biologically important events such as epigenetic reprogramming, sex determination, and meiosis. The mechanisms underlying these events are key issues in reproductive and developmental biology, yet they still remain elusive. As a tool to elucidate these mechanisms, in vitro gametogenesis, which reproduces germ cell development in culture, has long been sought for decades. Recently, methods of in vitro gametogenesis have undergone rapid development in association with stem cell biology, opening many possibilities in this field. This new technology is considered an alternative source of gametes for the reproduction of animals and perhaps humans. This review summarizes current advances and problems in in vitro gametogenesis.

scholarly journals Female Germ Cell Development, Functioning and Associated Adversities under Unfavorable Circumstances

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1979
Author(s):  
Dinesh Bharti ◽  
Manisha Tikka ◽  
Sang-Yun Lee ◽  
Eun-Yeong Bok ◽  
Hyeon-Jeong Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Primordial Germ Cell ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Autocrine Signaling ◽  
Unprotected Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Germ Cell Development ◽  
Female Germ Cell ◽  
One Year

In the present era, infertility is one of the major issues which restricts many couples to have their own children. Infertility is the inability to achieve a clinical pregnancy after regular unprotected sexual intercourse for the period of one year or more. Various factors including defective male or female germ cell development, unhealthy and improper lifestyles, diseases like cancer and associated chemo-or-radiation therapies, congenital disorders, etc., may be responsible for infertility. Therefore, it is highly important to understand the basic concepts of germ cell development including primordial germ cell (PGC) formation, specification, migration, entry to genital ridges and their molecular mechanisms, activated pathways, paracrine and autocrine signaling, along with possible alteration which can hamper germ cell development and can cause adversities like cancer progression and infertility. Knowing all these aspects in a proper way can be very much helpful in improving our understanding about gametogenesis and finding possible ways to cure related disorders. Here in this review, various aspects of gametogenesis especially female gametes and relevant factors causing functional impairment have been thoroughly discussed.

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