scholarly journals Metacognitive domain specificity in feeling-of-knowing but not retrospective confidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Mazancieux ◽  
Claire Dinze ◽  
Céline Souchay ◽  
Chris J A Moulin
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Bayesian Model ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Domain Specificity ◽  
Hierarchical Bayesian ◽  
Hierarchical Bayesian Model ◽  
Feeling Of Knowing ◽  
Theoretical Reasoning ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Previous research has converged on the idea that metacognitive evaluations of memory dissociate between semantic and episodic memory tasks, even if the type of metacognitive judgement is held constant. This often observed difference has been the basis of much theoretical reasoning about the types of cues available when making metacognitive judgements of memory and how metacognition is altered in memory pathologies. Here, we sought to revisit the difference between episodic and semantic feeling-of-knowing (FOK) judgements in the light of recent research which has supported a domain general account of metacognition. One hundred participants performed classical episodic and semantic memory tasks with FOK judgements and confidence judgements. Using the meta-d′ framework, we applied a hierarchical Bayesian model to estimate metacognitive sensitivity and cross-task covariance. Results revealed a significant correlation in metacognitive efficiency (meta-d′/d′) between the episodic memory task and the semantic memory task for confidence judgements; however, no evidence was found for a cross-task correlation for FOK judgements. This supports the view that FOK judgements are based on different cues in semantic and episodic memory, whereas confidence judgements are domain general.

Metacognitive domain specificity in feeling-of-knowing but not retrospective confidence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Mazancieux ◽  
Claire Dinze ◽  
Céline Souchay ◽  
Chris Moulin
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Bayesian Model ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Domain Specificity ◽  
Hierarchical Bayesian ◽  
Hierarchical Bayesian Model ◽  
Feeling Of Knowing ◽  
Theoretical Reasoning ◽  
The Difference

Previous research has converged on the idea that metacognitive evaluations of memory dissociate between semantic and episodic memory tasks, even if the type of metacognitive judgement is held constant. This often observed difference has been the basis of much theoretical reasoning about the types of cues available when making metacognitive judgements of memory and how metacognition is altered in memory pathologies. Here we sought to revisit the difference between episodic and semantic feeling-of-knowing judgements in the light of recent research which has supported a domain general account of metacognition. One hundred participants performed classical episodic and semantic memory tasks with feeling-of-knowing judgements and confidence judgements. Using the meta-d’ framework, we applied a hierarchical Bayesian model to estimate metacognitive sensitivity and cross-task covariance. Results revealed a significant correlation in metacognitive efficiency (meta-d’/d’) between the episodic memory task and the semantic memory task for confidence judgements, however no evidence was found for a cross-task correlation for feeling-of-knowing judgements. This supports the view that FOK judgements are based on different cues in semantic and episodic memory, whereas confidence judgements are domain general.

Episodic and Semantic Memory for Melodies in Alzheimer's Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 501-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley D. Vanstone ◽  
Ritu Sikka ◽  
Leila Tangness ◽  
Rosalind Sham ◽  
Angeles Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Novel Target ◽  
Musical Memory

the present study addressed episodic and semantic memory for melodies in three groups of participants: 35 younger adults, 40 older adults, and 10 individuals with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). To assess episodic memory, a study list of eight novel target melodies was presented three times, followed by a test trial in which target melodies were mixed with foil (previously unheard) melodies. Both explicit and implicit measures were obtained. Explicit memory was assessed by the accuracy of discrimination of the target melodies from the foils. Younger adults were significantly more accurate than older adults, who in turn had significantly higher scores than AD adults. Implicit memory was assessed by examining the difference in pleasantness ratings between target and foil melodies. Younger adults showed significantly greater differences in pleasantness ratings than older adults and AD adults; scores for the two latter groups did not differ. To assess semantic memory, participants were asked to identify traditional melodies within a series of traditional and novel melodies. In contrast to the episodic memory results, all three groups showed very high scores on the semantic memory task with no significant differences among groups. The results support the notion that, though other forms of musical memory may be compromised, semantic memory for melody may be preserved in normal aging and in AD.

scholarly journals Integrating spatial synchrony/asynchrony of population distribution into stock assessment models: a spatial hierarchical Bayesian statistical catch-at-age approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 1725-1738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Jiao ◽  
Rob O'Reilly ◽  
Eric Smith ◽  
Don Orth ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Bayesian Model ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Spatial Models ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Hierarchical Bayesian ◽  
Hierarchical Bayesian Model ◽  
Spatial Synchrony ◽  
Abundance Indices

Abstract In many marine fisheries assessments, population abundance indices from surveys collected by different states and agencies do not always agree with each other. This phenomenon is often due to the spatial synchrony/asynchrony. Those indices that are asynchronous may result in discrepancies in the assessment of temporal trends. In addition, commonly employed stock assessment models, such as the statistical catch-at-age (SCA) models, do not account for spatial synchrony/asynchrony associated with spatial autocorrelation, dispersal, and environmental noise. This limits the value of statistical inference on key parameters associated with population dynamics and management reference points. To address this problem, a set of geospatial analyses of relative abundance indices is proposed to model the indices from different surveys using spatial hierarchical Bayesian models. This approach allows better integration of different surveys with spatial synchrony and asynchrony. We used Atlantic weakfish (Cynoscion regalis) as an example for which there are state-wide surveys and expansive coastal surveys. We further compared the performance of the proposed spatially structured hierarchical Bayesian SCA models with a commonly used Bayesian SCA model that assumes relative abundance indices are spatially independent. Three spatial models developed to mimic different potential spatial patterns were compared. The random effect spatially structured hierarchical Bayesian model was found to be better than the commonly used SCA model and the other two spatial models. A simulation study was conducted to evaluate the uncertainty resulting from model selection and the robustness of the recommended model. The spatially structured hierarchical Bayesian model was shown to be able to integrate different survey indices with/without spatial synchrony. It is suggested as a useful tool when there are surveys with different spatial characteristics that need to be combined in a fisheries stock assessment.

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