scholarly journals Short-term responses of the kidney to high altitude in mountain climbers

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Goldfarb-Rumyantzev ◽  
S. L. Alper
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mountain Climbers

Adaptations to High-Altitude Hypoxia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia M. Beall ◽  
Kingman P. Strohl
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Oxygen Delivery ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
East African ◽  
Short Term

Biological anthropologists aim to explain the hows and whys of human biological variation using the concepts of evolution and adaptation. High-altitude environments provide informative natural laboratories with the unique stress of hypobaric hypoxia, which is less than usual oxygen in the ambient air arising from lower barometric pressure. Indigenous populations have adapted biologically to their extreme environment with acclimatization, developmental adaptation, and genetic adaptation. People have used the East African and Tibetan Plateaus above 3,000 m for at least 30,000 years and the Andean Plateau for at least 12,000 years. Ancient DNA shows evidence that the ancestors of modern highlanders have used all three high-altitude areas for at least 3,000 years. It is necessary to examine the differences in biological processes involved in oxygen exchange, transport, and use among these populations. Such an approach compares oxygen delivery traits reported for East African Amhara, Tibetans, and Andean highlanders with one another and with short-term visitors and long-term upward migrants in the early or later stages of acclimatization to hypoxia. Tibetan and Andean highlanders provide most of the data and differ quantitatively in biological characteristics. The best supported difference is the unelevated hemoglobin concentration of Tibetans and Amhara compared with Andean highlanders as well as short- and long-term upward migrants. Moreover, among Tibetans, several features of oxygen transfer and oxygen delivery resemble those of short-term acclimatization, while several features of Andean highlanders resemble the long-term responses. Genes and molecules of the oxygen homeostasis pathways contribute to some of the differences.

Immune Response of Rabbits during Short Term Exposure to High Altitude

Nature ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 217 (5126) ◽  
pp. 367-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT P. TENGERDY ◽  
THEODORE KRAMER
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Mountain neurology

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 404-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke Cornelia Johanna Dekker ◽  
Mark H Wilson ◽  
William Patrick Howlett
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Acute Mountain Sickness ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Mount Kilimanjaro ◽  
Northern Tanzania ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
Mountain Sickness ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
Mountain Climbers ◽  
Altitude Illnesses

Mountain climbers may develop specific illnesses that largely depend on the altitude reached and the rate of ascent. The popularity of travel to high altitude destinations, extreme tourist activities and mountain climbing means that neurologists in low-altitude countries are increasingly likely to encounter neurological problems and disorders in people exposed to high altitude. Additionally, they may have to advise patients with pre-existing neurological conditions on the risks of ascent to altitude. This article focuses on neurological-related high-altitude illnesses: acute mountain sickness and high-altitude cerebral oedema, as well as high-altitude retinopathy and other neurological disorders. This overview combines current understood pathogenesis with the experience of managing altitude-related illness at the foot of Mount Kilimanjaro in northern Tanzania, the tallest free-standing mountain in the world.

scholarly journals Effect of Short-Term Acclimatization to High Altitude on Sleep and Nocturnal Breathing

SLEEP ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Nussbaumer-Ochsner ◽  
Justyna Ursprung ◽  
Christoph Siebenmann ◽  
Marco Maggiorini ◽  
Konrad E. Bloch
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Short Term

Short-term cardiorespiratory adaptation to high altitude in children compared with adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kriemler ◽  
T. Radtke ◽  
F. Bürgi ◽  
J. Lambrecht ◽  
M. Zehnder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Short Term

scholarly journals Tributary glacier surges: an exceptional concentration at Panmah Glacier, Karakoram Himalaya

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (181) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
High Altitudes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Thermal Regimes ◽  
Glacier Surges ◽  
Comparable Period

AbstractFour tributaries of Panmah Glacier have surged in less than a decade, three in quick succession between 2001 and 2005. Since 1985, 13 surges have been recorded in the Karakoram Himalaya, more than in any comparable period since the 1850s. Ten were tributary surges. In these ten a full run-out of surge ice is prevented, but extended post-surge episodes affect the tributary and main glacier. The sudden concentration of events at Panmah Glacier is without precedent and at odds with known surge intervals for the glaciers. Interpretations must consider the response of thermally complex glaciers, at exceptionally high altitudes and of high relief, to changes in a distinctive regional climate. It is suggested that high-altitude warming affecting snow and glacier thermal regimes, or bringing intense, short-term melting episodes, may be more significant than mass-balance change.

High Altitude Headache. A Prospective Study of its Clinical Characteristics

Cephalalgia ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1110-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Serrano-Dueñas
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Altitude Exposure ◽  
Mountain Climbers ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Strength Of Association ◽  
Diagnosis Criterion

Altitude headache (AH) is the most common symptom of high altitude exposure. This prospective cross-sectional and analytical study, conducted in the Ecuadorian Andes, aimed to explore AH symptomatology, taking into account subjects' views. Thirty mountain climbers took part in the Questionnaire Elaboration. The symptoms were grouped into three categories: (A) pain dimension (PD) — intensity, location, quality, outset form, evolution, exacerbating and relieving elements; (B) concurrent symptom dimension (CSD); and (C) feeling/mood dimension (FMD). Ninety-eight mountain climbers comprised the sample for Field Research. Three evaluations were carried out: 4700-5000 m, n = 1, and 5700-5800 m, n = 2. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to assess internal consistency. Scores between 0.7 and 1 were considered as significant to assess the strength of association between the PD and its different items and CSD and FMD. The following clinical features were found: holocranial 65.6%; pulsatile-burst type quality 75.3%; oscillating evolution 36.7%; increasing with exercise 49.5%; relieved by rest 41.8%; concurrent symptoms referred to, anorexia 26.8%, irritability 26.5%, and finally pessimism and anxiety feelings 33.2 and 29.5%, respectively. We believe that elements provided by us must lead to a new official AH diagnosis criterion.

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