SP035CLINICAL CONSEQUENCES OF PAIRED CARDIAC AND KIDNEY BIOPSIES IN A TREATMENT NAÏVE FEMALE FABRY PATIENT WITH A CLASSICAL MUTATION AND MINOR CLINICAL SYMPTOMS

The number of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) is increasing worldwide. In particular, the early onset of MDD from adolescence to young adulthood is more problematic than the later onset. The specific and expeditious identification of MDD before the occurrence of severe symptoms is significant for future interventions or therapies; however, there is no accurate diagnostic marker that has sufficient sensitivity and specificity for clinical use. In the present study, to identify the possibility of blood markers for depression, we first measured the baseline inflammatory biomarkers in the peripheral blood of 50 treatment-naïve young adults with MDD and 50 matched healthy controls. We then analyzed the correlation between prospective biomarkers and depressive symptoms using scores from various clinical depression indices. We also identified differential responses between males and females in prospective biomarkers. In young adulthood, men with MDD had increased peripheral interleukin (IL)-17 levels, whereas women with MDD had significantly increased IL-1β, IL-6, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels compared with healthy controls. However, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), CCL1, CCL2, adiponectin, and cortisol were not significantly different in young adult individuals with MDD. Higher levels of IL-17 in the male group and of IL-1β, IL-6, and CRP in the female group may have been associated with the clinical symptoms of MDD, including depressive moods, hopelessness, suicidal ideation, low self-esteem, and reduced psychological resilience. Our findings will be useful in developing diagnostic tools or treatments for MDD in young adulthood.

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The Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Probiotics on Depression: Clinical Results From an Open-Label Pilot Study

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.618279 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Caroline J. K. Wallace ◽

Roumen V. Milev

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Bifidobacterium Longum ◽

Lactobacillus Helveticus ◽

Self Report ◽

Open Label ◽

Symptoms Of Depression ◽

Treatment Naïve

Background: A growing body of research has shown that consumption of probiotics can improve symptoms associated with mood and anxiety disorders through activity of the gut-brain axis. However, the effects of probiotics have yet to be tested in a clinical sample of treatment-naïve patients diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The aim of this 8-week, open-label pilot study is to examine changes in depressive symptoms before and after the introduction of a probiotic supplement in 10 treatment-naïve MDD patients and to provide data on the feasibility of conducting a larger double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in the same patient population. Here we report on the clinical outcome measures of the study.Methods: Participants recruited from the community in Kingston, Ontario, Canada consumed a probiotic supplement containing Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 (CEREBIOME®) at a dose of 3 × 109 CFU once per day for 8 weeks. Clinical symptoms of depression were measured using a validated battery of clinical scales and self-report questionnaires (CAN-BIND protocol). Data was collected at baseline, week 4, and week 8.Results: Significant improvements in affective clinical symptoms were observed at week 4 and were sustained at week 8. Significant improvements in subjective sleep quality were observed by week 8. No side effects or adverse effects associated with the probiotic supplement were observed.Conclusions: The findings from this study support the existing evidence in this emerging field for probiotics having a role in alleviating symptoms of depression in treatment-naïve, moderately depressed patients and indicate that the probiotic supplement is safe and well-tolerated in this population. However, further comprehensive studies are required to draw conclusions.

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Aberrant intrinsic brain activity and cognitive deficit in first-episode treatment-naive patients with schizophrenia

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291712001638 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 769-780 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

Z. He ◽

W. Deng ◽

M. Li ◽

Z. Chen ◽

L. Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Connectivity ◽

Cognitive Processing ◽

Resting State ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

First Episode ◽

Clinical Factors ◽

Neurocognitive Dysfunction ◽

Neurocognitive Deficit ◽

Treatment Naïve ◽

Left Insula

BackgroundGiven the important role of the default mode network (DMN) in cognitive function and the well-known neurocognitive deficit in schizophrenia, it is intriguing to examine systematically the relationship between neurocognitive dysfunction and aberrant intrinsic activities, and also functional connectivity, of the DMN in patients with schizophrenia.MethodFirst-episode, treatment-naive patients with schizophrenia (FES) (n = 115) and healthy controls (n = 113) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans and neurocognitive tests. Intrinsic neural activities evaluated by using the fragment amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and the resting-state functional connectivity assessed by seed-based correlational analysis were compared between patients and controls. Aberrant intrinsic activities and DMN connectivity in patients were then correlated to neurocognitive performance and clinical symptoms.ResultsCompared to controls, patients with FES showed decreased fALFF in the bilateral medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and increased fALFF in the bilateral putamen. Increased functional connectivity with the DMN was observed in the left insula and bilateral dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) in patients with FES. In patients, aberrant fALFF in the bilateral OFC were correlated with cognitive processing speed; fALFF in the left OFC and right putamen were correlated with the clinical factors excited/activation and disorganization; and increased DMN functional connectivity in the left insula was correlated with the clinical factors positive, excited/activation, disorganization and neurocognitive deficit in the domain of sustained attention.ConclusionsThese associations between neurocognitive dysfunction and aberrant intrinsic activities, and also functional connectivity, of the DMN in patients with schizophrenia may provide important insights into the neural mechanism of the disease.

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Early and late onset, first-episode, treatment-naive depression: same clinical symptoms, different regional neural activities

Journal of Affective Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.jad.2012.05.025 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 143 (1-3) ◽

pp. 56-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Jin-dong Chen ◽

Feng Liu ◽

Guang-lei Xun ◽

Hua-fu Chen ◽

Mao-rong Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Late Onset ◽

First Episode ◽

Neural Activities ◽

Treatment Naïve

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Case Example: Adjacent Segment Disease: What Is It, and How Is It Rated?

Guides Newsletter ◽

10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2011.marapr02 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 8-9

Author(s):

Marjorie Eskay-Auerbach

Keyword(s):

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Lumbar Fusion ◽

Adjacent Segment Degeneration ◽

Adjacent Segment Disease ◽

Adjacent Segment ◽

Disc Space Narrowing ◽

Disc Disease ◽

Disc Space ◽

Radiographic Findings ◽

Asymptomatic Patients

Abstract The incidence of cervical and lumbar fusion surgery has increased in the past twenty years, and during follow-up some of these patients develop changes at the adjacent segment. Recognizing that adjacent segment degeneration and disease may occur in the future does not alter the rating for a cervical or lumbar fusion at the time the patient's condition is determined to be at maximum medical improvement (MMI). The term adjacent segment degeneration refers to the presence of radiographic findings of degenerative disc disease, including disc space narrowing, instability, and so on at the motion segment above or below a cervical or lumbar fusion. Adjacent segment disease refers to the development of new clinical symptoms that correspond to these changes on imaging. The biomechanics of adjacent segment degeneration have been studied, and, although the exact mechanism is uncertain, genetics may play a role. Findings associated with adjacent segment degeneration include degeneration of the facet joints with hypertrophy and thickening of the ligamentum flavum, disc space collapse, and translation—but the clinical significance of these radiographic degenerative changes remains unclear, particularly in light of the known presence of abnormal findings in asymptomatic patients. Evaluators should not rate an individual in anticipation of the development of changes at the level above a fusion, although such a development is a recognized possibility.

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