scholarly journals Utilising functional imaging to predict survival in paediatric brain tumours.

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. iv5-iv5
Author(s):  
James Grist ◽  
Stephanie Withey ◽  
Lesley MacPherson ◽  
Adam Oates ◽  
Mr Stephen Powell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Imaging ◽  
Brain Tumours ◽  
Diffusion Imaging ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Tumour Grade ◽  
Survival Status ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Paediatric Brain Tumours ◽  
And Diffusion

Abstract Introduction Brain tumours are a common cause of death in the paediatric population. We have previously shown that MR imaging and spectroscopy can be used to non-invasively differentiate between tumour types. Here, we demonstrate that functional imaging can be highly predictive of survival and grade in a paediatric cohort. Methods Perfusion (PWI) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) were performed in a multi-site (Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Alder Hey, Nottingham) cohort ([grade, 5-year survival alive:dead number] = [I,15:1],[II, 5:1],[III,2:3],[IV,8:11]). ROIs were drawn on T2 imaging and functional imaging features (mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis) were derived. Supervised machine learning was used to predict 5-year survival and tumour grade from features. ANOVA and post-hoc tests were used to assess differences in features between grade and 5-year survival status. Results 5-year survival was predicted with 89%, 85%, and 87% accuracy with all imaging, perfusion, or diffusion features, respectively. A significant difference in perfusion was found between surviving and diseased participants (1.71 ± 0.82 vs 2.62 ± 1 mL/100g/min, respectively, p < 0.05). A significant difference in ADC (mm2 s-1) between tumour grades was found (1 vs 4 (1533 ± 458 vs 857 ± 239), 4 vs 3 (857 ± 239 vs 1197 ± 137), 4 vs 2 (857 ± 239 vs 1440 ± 557), corrected p < 0.05). Conclusion We have shown that perfusion and diffusion imaging features can be used to non-invasively assess tumour grade and estimate 5-year survival status in a cohort of paediatric brain tumours.

scholarly journals Arterial spin labelling and diffusion-weighted imaging in paediatric brain tumours

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 101696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick W. Hales ◽  
Felice d'Arco ◽  
Jessica Cooper ◽  
Josef Pfeuffer ◽  
Darren Hargrave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumours ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
Arterial Spin Labelling ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Paediatric Brain Tumours ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Spin Labelling

Functional imaging in adult and paediatric brain tumours

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 700-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Peet ◽  
Theodoros N. Arvanitis ◽  
Martin O. Leach ◽  
Adam D. Waldman
Keyword(s):  
Functional Imaging ◽  
Brain Tumours ◽  
Paediatric Brain Tumours

scholarly journals The role of diffusion tensor imaging metrics in machine learning-based characterisation of paediatric brain tumors and their practicality for multicentre clinical assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. iv1-iv2
Author(s):  
Heather Rose ◽  
Huijun Li ◽  
Christopher D Bennett ◽  
Jan Novak ◽  
Yu Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Brain Tumours ◽  
Anisotropic Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Leave One Out ◽  
Paediatric Brain Tumours

Abstract Aims Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a valuable tool for non-invasive diagnosis of paediatric brain tumours. The rarity of the disease dictates multi-centre studies and imaging biomarkers that are robust to protocol variability. We investigated diffusion tensor MRI (DT-MRI), combined with machine learning, as an aid to diagnosis and evaluated the robustness of the imaging metrics. Method A multi-centre cohort of 52 clinical DT-MRI scans (20 medulloblastomas (MB), 21 pilocytic astrocytomas (PA), 11 ependymomas (EP)) were analysed retrospectively. Histograms for regions of solid tumour for fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), pure anisotropic diffusion (q) and pure isotropic diffusion (p) were compared to assess diagnostic capability. Linear discriminate analysis (LDA) was used for classification and validated using leave-one-out-cross-validation (LOOCV). Results Histogram medians for FA, MD, q and p were all different between tumor groups (P&lt;.0001, Kruskal Wallis test). Median MD, p and q values were highest in PA, then EP and lowest in MB (P&lt;.0001, Pairwise Wilcox test). FA median was higher for EP than PA (P=.004) with no significant difference between EP and MB (P=.591). ROC analysis showed that median MD, q and p perform best as a diagnostic marker (AUC= 0.92 to 0.99). LOOCV showed an overall accuracy of the LDA classification, ranging between 67% - 87%. FA values were highly dependent on protocol parameters, whereas pure anisotropic diffusion, q, was not. Conclusion DT-MRI metrics from multi-centre acquisitions can classify paediatric brain tumours. FA is the least robust metric to protocol variability and q provides the most robust quantification of anisotropic behaviour.

Clinical value of amino acid imaging in paediatric brain tumours

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (04) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Lang ◽  
S. Kloska ◽  
R. Straeter ◽  
C. H. Rickert ◽  
G. Goder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Brain Tumours ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Gadolinium Enhancement ◽  
Tumour Grading ◽  
Enhanced Mri ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Paediatric Brain Tumours

Summary Purpose: To evaluate single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using the amino acid l-3-[123I]-α-methyl tyrosine (IMT) and contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as diagnostic tools in primary paediatric brain tumours in respect of non-invasive tumour grading. Patients, materials, methods: 45 children with primary brain tumours were retrospectively evaluated. IMT uptake was quantified as tumour/nontumour- ratio, a 4-value-scale was used to measure gadolinium enhancement on contrast enhanced MRI. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate IMT uptake and gadolinium enhancement in low (WHO I/II) and high (WHO III/ IV) grade tumours and to disclose a potential relationship of IMT uptake to disruption of blood brain barrier as measured in corresponding MRI scans. Results: IMT uptake above background level was observed in 35 of 45 patients. IMT uptake was slightly higher in high grade tumours but the difference failed to attain statistical significance. Grading of individual tumours was neither possible by IMT SPECT nor by gadolinium enhanced MRI. Conclusion: IMT is accumulated in most brain tumours in children. Tumour grading was not possible using IMT or contrast enhancement as determined by MRI. Neither morphological nor functional imaging can replace histology in paediatric brain tumours.

Radiation oncology and functional imaging

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S38-S40
Author(s):  
Th. Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Functional Imaging ◽  
Radiation Oncology ◽  
Bronchogenic Carcinoma ◽  
Brain Tumours ◽  
Tumour Volume ◽  
Target Volume ◽  
Head And Neck Tumours ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Surrounding Healthy Tissue ◽  
Prostate Carcinomas

Summary:PET/CT imaging is most likely to be of use in radiation oncology with patients who have poorly defined target volume areas, e.g. brain tumours, bronchogenic carcinoma, and cases of miscellaneous geographical miss. Other tumours that call for dose escalated radiotherapy, such as head and neck tumours, bronchogenic carcinoma, and prostate carcinomas may further benefit from an accurate delineation of the metabolically active tumour volume and its differentiation from surrounding healthy tissue, or tumour atelectasis.

scholarly journals Can National Tests from the Last Year of Compulsory School Be Used to Obtain More Detailed Information about Academic Performance in Children Treated for Brain Tumours? A Nationwide, Population-Based Study from Sweden

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Malin Lönnerblad ◽  
Eva Berglund ◽  
Ingrid van’t Hooft ◽  
Klas Blomgren
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Oral Reading ◽  
Brain Tumours ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Late Complications ◽  
Age At Diagnosis ◽  
Tumour Grade ◽  
National Tests

Children treated for brain tumours often have late-appearing complications that may affect their school performance. Uneven skill profiles may help reveal late complications that can be compensated for but otherwise remain undetected. We investigated Swedish national school tests of oral, reading and writing skills in the first foreign language (English), the mother tongue (Swedish) and mathematics. Data were obtained from The Swedish Childhood Cancer Registry and Statistics Sweden. The results from 475 children diagnosed with a brain tumour before their 15th birthday and 2197 matched controls showed that children treated for brain tumours evinced more difficulties with national tests than controls in almost all subtests, especially in the subject English, and that they may perform better on oral than written tasks. There were larger differences between female cases and controls than between male cases and controls; age at diagnosis played a significant role for some subtests, whereas tumour grade did not. Missing information from national tests proved to be a strong predictor of poor academic performance. Our results show that regular educational follow-ups, as a complement to neuropsychological follow-ups, are important for all children treated for brain tumours, regardless of sex, age at diagnosis or tumour grade.

scholarly journals Classification of paediatric brain tumours by diffusion weighted imaging and machine learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Novak ◽  
Niloufar Zarinabad ◽  
Heather Rose ◽  
Theodoros Arvanitis ◽  
Lesley MacPherson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Brain Tumours ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Paediatric Brain Tumours

AbstractTo determine if apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) can discriminate between posterior fossa brain tumours on a multicentre basis. A total of 124 paediatric patients with posterior fossa tumours (including 55 Medulloblastomas, 36 Pilocytic Astrocytomas and 26 Ependymomas) were scanned using diffusion weighted imaging across 12 different hospitals using a total of 18 different scanners. Apparent diffusion coefficient maps were produced and histogram data was extracted from tumour regions of interest. Total histograms and histogram metrics (mean, variance, skew, kurtosis and 10th, 20th and 50th quantiles) were used as data input for classifiers with accuracy determined by tenfold cross validation. Mean ADC values from the tumour regions of interest differed between tumour types, (ANOVA P < 0.001). A cut off value for mean ADC between Ependymomas and Medulloblastomas was found to be of 0.984 × 10−3 mm2 s−1 with sensitivity 80.8% and specificity 80.0%. Overall classification for the ADC histogram metrics were 85% using Naïve Bayes and 84% for Random Forest classifiers. The most commonly occurring posterior fossa paediatric brain tumours can be classified using Apparent Diffusion Coefficient histogram values to a high accuracy on a multicentre basis.

scholarly journals POS1288 TUBERCULOUS SPONDYLODISCITIS IN ELDERLY: EPIDEMIOLOGY, CLINICAL, FEATURES, TREATMENT AND OUTCOMES

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 926.1-926
Author(s):  
M. Mrabet ◽  
S. Boussaid ◽  
S. Jemmali ◽  
H. Sahli ◽  
H. Ajlani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Lumbar Pain ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Normocytic Anemia ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
Tuberculous Spondylodiscitis

Background:Tuberculosis is still endemic all over the world. The incidence of tuberculous spondylodiscitis (TS) is steadily increasing. Clinical features and outcomes of this affection are various and depending on various parameters, including age.Objectives:Our objective was to explore the differences in presentation and the results of further investigations and the prognosis of TS between young and elderly subjects.Methods:We conduct a retrospective and descriptive study in a single rheumatology department. Data were collected from files of patients hospitalized in the past 20 years (2000-2020) who have been diagnosed with TS. We carried out a comparative study concerning the clinical biological, imaging features and outcomes between young subjects and subjects aged over 65 years.Results:Fifty-two cases of TS were collected (37F/15M). The mean age of the population was 55.21 years ± 17.79 [19-91]. Thirty-three patients (69.2%) were classified as young versus 16 elderly patients (30.8%), with female predominance in both groups (69.4% and 75% respectively, p = 0.57). Young subjects was more frequently vaccinated (88.9%) by Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) (p < 0.001). A delayed diagnosis was noted in both groups (p = 0.24). Lumbar spine involvement was the most common (57.7%). In the two age ranges, the onset of the disease was progressive (p = 0.22), characterized by segmental spine stiffness (p = 0.57) and lumbar pain with general signs (p = 0.27), such as: impaired general condition, fever, night sweats and weight loss. Biological inflammatory syndrome and normochrome normocytic anemia were encountered in both cases (p = 0.08 and p = 0.2, respectively). Standard X-rays and Computed tomography were more performed in young subjects (94.4% and 69.4%, respectively; p < 0.001), unlike magnetic resonance imaging which was more common in elderly subjects but with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.22). Disc pinch, erosion of vertebral plateaus and vertebral collapse were the major signs (82.7%, 65.4% and 67.3%, respectively). Clinical, biological and imaging arguments contributed to positive diagnosis in both groups (p = 0.24). Common medical treatment was anti-tuberculosis: Isoniazid (H), Rifampicin (R), Pyrazinamide (Z), Ethambutol (E) and physical treatment such as immobilization witch was more common in the eldery (56.3%, p = 0.16). The evolution of the disease was characterized by a clear improvement of young subjects during the second week of treatment (p < 0.001). A more frequent clinical improvement in older subjects was during the fourth week but with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.13). The occurrence of immediate complications was more frequent in the elderly (p = 0.23) with a predominance for drug complications (56.3%) such as: hepatic cytolysis (12.5%), hyperuricemia (18.8%) and major intolerance to anti-tuberculosis (18.8%).Conclusion:TS is a frequent condition that needs to be treated rapidly. the clinical presentation of TS in the elderly is less noisy which leads to more frequent complications and mortality.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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