North American Aspen: Timber Supply, Utilization, and Research

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 168-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean W. Einspahr ◽  
Gary W. Wyckoff
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Minor Amount ◽  
Quaking Aspen ◽  
White Poplar ◽  
Timber Supply ◽  
Lake States ◽  
Hardwood Pulp ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Bigtooth and quaking aspen are the two most important white poplar species in North America, comprising 11.9 million ac in the Lake States, 4.4 million ac in western United States, and an estimated 100 million ac in Canada. Lake States aspen utilization increased greatly in the last 10 years and during the period 1982-87 accounted for 47-55% of the total pulpwood harvest. In 1987, removals were estimated at 286 million ft ft³ and growth at 282 million ft³ Canadian aspen utilization has also increased dramatically since 1980 and is expected to expand as demand for structural flakeboard and hardwood pulp increases. Even with increased use, less than 10% of the Canadian allowable cut is being utilized. Despite evidence on the importance of aspen on the economy of the U.S. Lake States and Canada, only a minor amount of research has been undertaken in the last 10 years to genetically improve and/or maintain the existing aspen resource. North. J. Appl. For. 7:168-171, December 1990.

Identification of Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Publicly Available Male Hop Germplasm

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-264
Author(s):  
David H. Gent ◽  
Briana J. Claassen ◽  
Megan C. Twomey ◽  
Sierra N. Wolfenbarger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Western United States ◽  
R Genes ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The U.S

Powdery mildew (caused by Podosphaera macularis) is one of the most important diseases of hop in the western United States. Strains of the fungus virulent on cultivars possessing the resistance factor termed R6 and the cultivar Cascade have become widespread in the Pacific Northwestern United States, the primary hop producing region in the country, rendering most cultivars grown susceptible to the disease at some level. In an effort to identify potential sources of resistance in extant germplasm, 136 male accessions of hop contained in the U.S. Department of Agriculture collection were screened under controlled conditions. Iterative inoculations with three isolates of P. macularis with varying race identified 23 (16.9%) accessions with apparent resistance to all known races of the pathogen present in the Pacific Northwest. Of the 23 accessions, 12 were resistant when inoculated with three additional isolates obtained from Europe that possess novel virulences. The nature of resistance in these individuals is unclear but does not appear to be based on known R genes. Identification of possible novel sources of resistance to powdery mildew will be useful to hop breeding programs in the western United States and elsewhere.

Aspen Stand Development Following Harvest in the Lake States Region

1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 178-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Bates ◽  
Charles R. Blinn ◽  
Alvin A. Alm ◽  
Donald A. Perala
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Stand Development ◽  
Rotation Length ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Lake States ◽  
Thinning Operations ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Forest Managers

Abstract This paper summarizes the literature that reports factors influencing the development of aspen stands following harvest. It is intended primarily for forest managers in the Lake States region, although some work done in the western United States is included. Aspen stands generally regenerate to dense sucker stands after harvest. Competition, disease, and other injurious agents aid natural thinning in maturing stands. Although competition among stems is the primary cause of mortality in many stands, in some stands mortality caused by disease and injury may reduce expected yield. Forest managers should be aware of the factors that can affect aspen stand development, particularly when evaluating regeneration densities and rotation length, and when planning thinning operations. North. J. Appl. For. 6:178-183, December 1989

scholarly journals Raising the Bar: Increasing Protection for Athletes in the Olympic Movement from Sexual Harassment and Abuse

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-93
Author(s):  
Anne Marie Burke
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Olympic Committee ◽  
Mandatory Reporting ◽  
Olympic Movement ◽  
Amateur Athlete ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Global Platform ◽  
The U.S

After the Larry Nassar and USA Gymnastics scandal surfaced in 2016, the United States enacted a federal act titled “Protecting Victims from Sexual Abuse and Safe Sport Authorization Act of 2017.” This Act requires immediate mandatory reporting to the U.S. Center for SafeSport for any alleged child abuse of an amateur athlete who is a minor. An increasing amount of legislation is being passed to address sexual harassment and abuse in sports in the United States; however, the International Olympic Committee (IOC), which governs the Olympic Movement, is lacking in its sexual harassment and abuse policies. This article will address how the IOC’s sexual harassment and abuse policies are not as robust as they should be. The amount of attention that the Olympics receives worldwide gives the IOC a global platform to be a leader in taking a stance on sexual harassment and abuse policies.

Wildfire Occurrence in Aspen in the Interior Western United States

1987 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert V. DeByle ◽  
Collin D. Bevins ◽  
William C. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Western United States ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Quaking Aspen ◽  
Wildfire Occurrence ◽  
Management Intervention ◽  
Forest Lands

Abstract The western United States contains more than 7 million acres of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides). On the majority of this acreage, aspen sprouted as even-aged stands after fires in the last 150 years. For several reasons, however, fire evidently is no longer playing its historic role of killing and regenerating western aspen stands. A survey was made of wildfire occurrence from 1970 through 1982 in aspen stands on National Forest lands in three Forest Service Regions. The survey data, expanded to include all aspen acreage, revealed that an average of 600 acres are annually consumed by fire. At this rate, it would require about 12,000 years to burn the entire aspen type in the West. During this time span, without management intervention, seral aspen will probably be replaced by conifers, and stable aspen stands may become all-aged and perhaps less productive. Use of prescribed fire is recommended. West. J. Appl. For. 2(3):73-76, July 1987.

Trilobites at the base of the Middle Ordovician, western United States

1996 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Fortey ◽  
Mary L. Droser
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Middle Ordovician ◽  
Regional Correlation ◽  
The U.S

Sections in the Basin Ranges provide stratigraphic standards for the Ordovician of the U.S., from which zones based on trilobites have been widely employed in regional correlation. This paper describes new trilobite faunas from a poorly known part of the succession, at the base of the Middle Ordovician (Whiterockian) in western Utah and eastern Nevada, and including the type Ibexian section near Ibex, Utah. The faunas are from the topmost Wahwah, and overlying Juab Limestone Formations, in strata equivalent to Zone L. Although well-preserved, none of the trilobites are silicified. All are typical of inshore carbonate, Bathyurid biofacies. The majority are new species congeneric with, but different from species from the overlying Kanosh Formation. The dominant bathyurid is the hitherto little-knownPsephosthenaspis, after which the new Zone is named. A threefold subdivision of thePsephosthenaspisZone is based on successive species of the genus. The lower two of these are probably equivalent to the Valhallan Stage, described from more offshore biofacies from Spitsbergen. Eighteen species are described, of which nine are formally named as new including:Goniotelina ensifer, Petigurus inexpectatus, Psephosthenaspis microspinosa, M. glabrior, Pseudoolenoides aspinosus, Ectenonotus progenitor, Kanoshia reticulataandPseudomera arachnopyge.The type species of a remarkable new illaenid-like bathyurelline,Madaraspis magnificagen. et sp. nov., is described.

Interannual Variability of the Cyclonic Activity along the U.S. Pacific Coast: Influences on the Characteristics of Winter Precipitation in the Western United States

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 5732-5747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boksoon Myoung ◽  
Yi Deng
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Storm Track ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Cyclonic Activity ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The U.S

Abstract This study examines the observed interannual variability of the cyclonic activity along the U.S. Pacific coast and quantifies its impact on the characteristics of both the winter total and extreme precipitation in the western United States. A cyclonic activity function (CAF) was derived from a dataset of objectively identified cyclone tracks in 27 winters (1979/80–2005/06). The leading empirical orthogonal function (EOF1) of the CAF was found to be responsible for the EOF1 of the winter precipitation in the western United States, which is a monopole mode centered over the Pacific Northwest and northern California. On the other hand, the EOF2 of the CAF contributes to the EOF2 of the winter precipitation, which indicates that above-normal precipitation in the Pacific Northwest and its immediate inland regions tends to be accompanied by below-normal precipitation in California and the southwestern United States and vice versa. The first two EOFs of CAF (precipitation) account for about 70% (78%) of the total interannual variance of CAF (precipitation). The second EOF modes of both the CAF and precipitation are significantly linked to the ENSO signal on interannual time scales. A composite analysis further reveals that the leading CAF modes increase (decrease) the winter total precipitation by increasing (decreasing) both the number of rainy days per winter and the extremeness of precipitation. The latter was quantified in terms of the 95th percentile of the daily rain rate and the probability of precipitation being heavy given a rainy day. The implications of the leading CAF modes for the water resources and the occurrence of extreme hydrologic events in the western United States, as well as their dynamical linkages to the Pacific storm track and various atmospheric low-frequency modes (i.e., teleconnection patterns), are also discussed.

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