Microsite Soil Compaction Enhances Establishment of Direct-Seeded Jack Pine in Northwestern Ontario

1992 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laird W. Van Damme ◽  
Lisa Buse ◽  
Steve Warrington
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Treatment Responses ◽  
Sowing Season

Abstract The effects of microsite soil compaction on direct seeding of jack pine and black spruce were tested in conjunction with Bracke scarification. The compaction effect was achieved by manually tamping the seed spot. It was anticipated that compaction might decrease the number of seeds required to establish seedlings and extend the sowing season in Northwestern Ontario Experimental results showed that compaction increased the number of scalps stocked with jack pine by 30% after the first growing season. Compaction with a pyramidal surface doubled the percent stocked scalps over conventional sowing for the latest sowing date. Compaction may allow an extension of the jack pine sowing season from late June into early July. Still, early spring sowing provided the best overall results for both species. Compaction effects were not detected for black spruce. The experimental sowing rate of five seeds per scalp may have been insufficient to detect black spruce treatment responses on the dry mineral soil seed spots. North. J. Appl. For. 9(3):107-112.

Direct seeding of black spruce in northwestern Ontario: Seedbed relationships

1994 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Fleming ◽  
D. S. Mossa
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
First Year ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Seedbed Preparation

A series of spot seeding experiments was set out on coarse-textured upland sites in northwestern Ontario to investigate how black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) seedling establishment and growth could be improved by site selection and seedbed preparation. Virtually all germination occurred within the first growing season. Annual seedling mortality rates were greatest during the first year, then declined steadily and stabilized at low levels (<10%) after the third year. The highest fifth-year establishment ratios (seedlings/viable seed sown) were found on seedbeds derived from materials near the mineral soil/humus interface. On wetter sites (i.e., higher Soil Moisture Regimes) the best seedbeds occurred closer to the soil surface. Mean fifth year establishment ratios for the best seedbeds were 0.032 on moderately fresh to fresh sites, 0.146 on very fresh to moderately moist sites, and 0.082 on moist to very moist sites. On adjacent lowland sites, slow-growing, compact Sphagnum mosses had a mean establishment ratio of 0.179. Mean fifth-year seedling heights on upland sites ranged from 12 to 14 cm, and were not strongly correlated with site or seedbed type. Key words: direct seeding, black spruce, seedbed, seedling establishment, site type and germination

scholarly journals Shelter Spot Seeding Trials with Jack Pine, Black Spruce and White Spruce in Northern Ontario

1986 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 446-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. J. Dominy ◽  
J. E. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Medium Sand ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Bare Spot ◽  
Height Data

Seeding trials were established on four different sites in northern Ontario (46°41′N to 49°19′N) in 1979 and 1980. Jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) was seeded on two medium sand sites, black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) on a sandy clay site, and white spruce (P. glauca [Moench] Voss) on a clay site. Conventional bare spot seeding was compared with spot seeding under Finnish-designed plastic shelters. At least two seeding dates were compared in each trial. Third- and fifth-year stocking and fifth-year height data are presented.Stocking of all three species was increased, regardless of sowing date, when shelters were used. With the exception of June-sown black spruce and one June sowing of jack pine, height growth was not significantly improved through the use of seed shelters. Shelters may prove to be a viable regeneration option only on cooler, exposed sites with little vegetative competition. Key words: Shelter spot seeding, bare spot seeding, Pinus banksiana Lamb., Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P., P. glauca [Moench] Voss.

scholarly journals A stand-level tool for predicting the natural regeneration density of black spruce and jack pine following fire and salvage

2015 ◽  
Vol 91 (04) ◽  
pp. 360-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.B. Splawinski ◽  
D.F. Greene ◽  
S. Gauthier ◽  
Y. Bergeron
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Salvage Operation ◽  
Salvage Logging ◽  
Natural Range

A tool was developed to allow managers and foresters to quickly assess reforestation needs following forest fire and salvage logging at the stand level in both pure and mixed black spruce and jack pine stands. This on-site operational assessment tool was created using a forest regeneration model that simulates the natural regeneration densities of black spruce and jack pine following fire and salvage. Tree species basal areas used for simulations represent the natural range expected in the field. Additional parameters include the abscission schedule of the species, the percentage of optimal (exposed mineral soil or humus) post-fire seedbeds, and the timing of the salvage operation. The tool also allows for rapid planning of both salvage operations and planting. It has important advantages over conventional seedling surveys in that it can be employed immediately following fire, can guide management decisions about the planning of road construction and the harvest sequence, and takes into account the entire establishment phase. Using the tool to adjust the harvesting schedule to minimize replanting, the likely final cost of reforestation can be estimated for an entire burn. The tool shows that a higher percentage of optimal seedbeds are necessary following salvage: (1) for black spruce to regenerate adequately compared to jack pine (i.e., planting of black spruce will almost always be necessary); (2) as basal area of the species of interest decreases; and, (3) to adequately regenerate burned intact and salvaged stands in late-season fires compared with those from early-season fires.

Feeding Sites of Aphids of the Genus Cinara Curtis (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Northwestern Ontario

1959 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 670-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
White Pine ◽  
White Cedar ◽  
Feeding Sites ◽  
Red Lake ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Common Juniper

While working at Cedar Lake in Northwestern Ontario in the summers of 1957 and 1958 the author was able to observe the feeding sites of various species of Cinara. Most of the observations were made within an area of a few square miles on either side of Highway 105, between Red Lake Road and Ear Falls, Ontario. This area is fairly typical of the Laurentian Shield, with numerous lakes, rocky ridges, sandy patches, and small bogs. The principal coniferous trees in this locality are black spruce, jack pine, and balsam fir. White spruce, white cedar, white pine, red pine, and common juniper are also present.

Are mineral soils exposed by severe wildfire better seedbeds for conifer regeneration?

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 1943-1950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J Kemball ◽  
G. Geoff Wang ◽  
A Richard Westwood
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Conifer Regeneration ◽  
Mineral Soils

We examined jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP), and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) seed germination and seedling recruitment in aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and conifer mixedwood stands following the 1999 Black River fire in southeastern Manitoba, Canada. Three postfire seedbed types were tested: scorched (surface litter only partially consumed), lightly burned (surface litter consumed with little or no duff consumption), and severely burned (complete consumption of litter and duff exposing mineral soil). Seeds were sown in 1999, 2000, and 2001, and each cohort was monitored for 3 years. In 1999, severely burned seedbeds had poor germination, while scorched seedbeds had the highest germination. The reverse was true in 2001. After the first growing season, continued survival of seedlings was greater on severely burned seedbeds for all three cohorts. However, better survival on severely burned seedbeds was not sufficient to overcome poor germination in 1999 and 2000. When using artificial seeding to promote conifer regeneration, we recommend a delay of one full year after a severe spring fire for jack pine and two full years for black spruce and white spruce on boreal aspen and conifer mixedwood sites.

Post-wildfire seedbeds and tree establishment in the southern mixedwood boreal forest

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1607-1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Charron ◽  
D F Greene
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
First Year ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Mixedwood Boreal Forest

We studied the post-wildfire establishment of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP), and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) in the southern mixedwood boreal forest of Saskatchewan, Canada. The major objective of the study was to determine the influence of post-wildfire seedbed types on the juvenile survivorship of trees. Through a combination of permanent plots and sowing experiments, we demonstrated that mineral soil, thin Polytrichum Hedw. moss, and humus are much more favorable than the organic fermentation (Of) and litter seedbeds. We also show that differences among seedbeds are significantly more important than differences among species. In addition, the first year of a cohort has the highest rate of mortality, about 85% on mineral and humus seedbeds and 98% on Of seedbeds; differences in age-specific survivorship between seedbeds become muted by the end of the second year, and survivorship rates approach 1 by the end of the third summer. Finally, age structures showed that germination rates of black spruce and jack pine were very low the initial summer of the fire; that there was a peak in recruitment in the first post-fire summer; and that by the fourth year the recruitment declined to nearly zero.

Seed release from black spruce cones in logging slash

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L. Fleming ◽  
D.S. Mossa
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
First Year ◽  
Viable Seed ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Empty Seeds ◽  
Filled Seeds ◽  
Regeneration Systems

Seed release from black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) BSP) cones on two clearcut sites in northwestern Ontario was evaluated over a 5-year period. Newly ripened cones were set out at seven locations on or above upland raw humus, upland mineral soil, and lowland raw humus substrates, and periodically sampled to determine the number of seeds remaining, and their germinability. Cones elevated above the substrates released 45–55% of their seeds within 1 year, and 65–75% of their seeds within 2 years. Seed release was largely confined to the growing season. Filled seeds were released more rapidly than empty seeds, and germination percent of the remaining filled seeds declined with time. Cones lying on or just above the substrates released about 25% of their seeds within 2 years, but the proportion of seeds remaining that were filled, and their germination percent, declined more rapidly with time than for elevated cones. Seed release occurred most rapidly from cones associated with upland raw humus substrates. Estimated viable seed release from cones elevated above the substrates was two to three times greater than that from cones lying on the substrates. Depending on cone location, 65–90% of all viable seed released was released within the first year after harvesting. This seed source should be considered when designing silvicultural regeneration systems for black spruce.

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