scholarly journals Do Combination Antiretroviral Therapy Regimens for HIV Infection Feature Diverse T-Cell Phenotypes and Inflammatory Profiles?

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Tincati ◽  
Debora Mondatore ◽  
Francesca Bai ◽  
Antonella d’Arminio Monforte ◽  
Giulia Marchetti
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Combination Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Early Introduction ◽  
Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Effective Combination ◽  
T Cell Phenotypes

Abstract Immune abnormalities featuring HIV infection persist despite the use of effective combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and may be linked to the development of noninfectious comorbidities. The aim of the present narrative, nonsystematic literature review is to understand whether cART regimens account for qualitative differences in immune reconstitution. Many studies have reported differences in T-cell homeostasis, inflammation, coagulation, and microbial translocation parameters across cART classes and in the course of triple vs dual regimens, yet such evidence is conflicting and not consistent. Possible reasons for discrepant results in the literature are the paucity of randomized controlled clinical trials, the relatively short follow-up of observational studies, the lack of clinical validation of the numerous inflammatory biomarkers utilized, and the absence of research on the effects of cART in tissues. We are currently thus unable to establish if cART classes and regimens are truly accountable for the differences observed in immune/inflammation parameters in different clinical settings. Questions still remain as to whether an early introduction of cART, specifically in the acute stage of disease, or newer drugs and novel dual drug regimens are able to significantly impact the quality of immune reconstitution and the risk of disease progression in HIV-infected subjects.

scholarly journals Effect of Cytomegalovirus Co-Infection on Normalization of Selected T-Cell Subsets in Children with Perinatally Acquired HIV Infection Treated with Combination Antiretroviral Therapy

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e0120474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suad Kapetanovic ◽  
Lisa Aaron ◽  
Grace Montepiedra ◽  
Patricia Anthony ◽  
Kasalyn Thuvamontolrat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Combination Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Perinatally Acquired

scholarly journals Survival, CD4 T lymphocyte count recovery and immune reconstitution pattern during the first-line combination antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV-1 infection in Mongolia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247929
Author(s):  
Solongo Bayarsaikhan ◽  
Davaalkham Jagdagsuren ◽  
Batbaatar Gunchin ◽  
Tsogtsaikhan Sandag
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
First Line ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count ◽  
Count Recovery ◽  
Hiv Aids

Mongolia has a low incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, with 281 cases reported at the end of 2019 and an estimated incidence rate of <0.01 cases per 1000 population. However, no study has analyzed the association between antiretroviral therapy (ART) outcomes and pretreatment characteristics of patients with HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Mongolia. This retrospective study aimed to determine the survival, CD4 T cell recovery, and immune reconstitution pattern during ART in HIV patients and to determine baseline patient characteristics associated with ART outcomes. Based on three different World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, we analyzed the 3-year observation data of 166 patients with HIV/AIDS who received treatment between 2010 and 2017. An increase of >50 cells/μL indicated CD4 T cell count recovery, and a cell count of ≥500 cells/μL in patients with a baseline cell count of <500 cells/μL indicated immune reconstitution. In this study, the 3- and 1-year mortality rates were 5.4% (survival rate: 94.6%) and 3.6%, respectively. A total of 83% of deaths that occurred in the observation time occurred within the first 3 months. The CD4 T cell count recovery rates at 3, 12, and 36 months were 62.7%, 80.7%, and 89.2%, respectively. The CD4 T cell count increased to >500 cells/μL in 95 of 145 (65.5%) patients with a baseline cell count of <500 cells/μL after 36 months of ART. The baseline CD4 T cell count was found to be a sensitive indicator for immune reconstitution. An advanced pretreatment clinical stage of HIV infection (as classified by the WHO classification), a low CD4 T cell count in the peripheral blood, and a high viral load before the initiation of the first-line ART accurately predicted survival, CD4 T cell count recovery, and immune reconstitution in Mongolian patients with HIV/AIDS.

scholarly journals European mitochondrial haplogroups are associated with CD4+ T cell recovery in HIV-infected patients on combination antiretroviral therapy

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 2349-2357 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Guzmán-Fulgencio ◽  
Juan Berenguer ◽  
Dariela Micheloud ◽  
Amanda Fernández-Rodríguez ◽  
Mónica García-Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Combination Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cell Recovery ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplogroups

scholarly journals Role of intestinal myofibroblasts in HIV-associated intestinal collagen deposition and immune reconstitution following combination antiretroviral therapy

AIDS ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 877-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Asmuth ◽  
Irina V. Pinchuk ◽  
Jian Wu ◽  
Gracie Vargas ◽  
Xiaoli Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Collagen Deposition ◽  
Combination Antiretroviral Therapy

Gynaecomastia, hyperprolactinaemia and HIV infection

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sashi Acharya ◽  
J J Rufus Fernando ◽  
Rousseau Gama
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Hypogonadotrophic Hypogonadism ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Seropositive ◽  
Endocrine Complications

Endocrine complications of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and its treatment are being increasingly recognized. We discuss the diagnosis and management of an HIV seropositive man who presented with bilateral gynaecomastia and 'hyperprolactinaemia' due to macroprolactin within six months of starting antiretroviral therapy. We suggest that the gynaecomastia may be a feature of immune reconstitution disease. Measurement of serum prolactin in the investigation of gynaecomastia should be reserved for those with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Since macroprolactin contributes to circulating prolactin in HIV-seropositive subjects, hyperprolactinaemic samples in these patients should be tested for macroprolactin.

scholarly journals Differential Pathogen-Specific Immune Reconstitution in Antiretroviral Therapy-Treated Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 219 (9) ◽  
pp. 1407-1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Muenchhoff ◽  
Emily Adland ◽  
Julia Roider ◽  
Henrik Kløverpris ◽  
Alasdair Leslie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Memory Phenotype ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Immune Exhaustion ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract Background Susceptibility to coinfections in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients remains increased despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). To elucidate mechanisms involved in immune reconstitution, we studied immune activation, immune exhaustion, and HIV- and copathogen-specific T-cell responses in children before and after ART. Methods We prospectively enrolled 25 HIV-infected children to study HIV-, cytomegalovirus (CMV)-, and tuberculosis (TB)-specific T-cell responses before and 1 year after initiation of ART using intracellular cytokine (interleukin-2, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α) staining assays after in vitro stimulation. We further measured expression of activation, immune exhaustion, and memory phenotype markers and studied proliferative responses after antigen stimulation. Results We observed differential, pathogen-specific changes after 1 year of ART in cytokine profiles of CD4 T-cell responses that were associated with shifts in memory phenotype and decreased programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) expression. The proliferative capacity of HIV- and PPD-specific responses increased after 1 year of ART. Of note, the recovery of CMV- and TB-specific responses was correlated with a decrease in PD-1 expression (r = 0.83, P = .008 and r = 0.81, P = .0007, respectively). Conclusions Reconstitution of immune responses on ART is associated with alterations in T-cell phenotype, function, and PD-1 expression that are distinct for HIV, TB, and CMV. The PD-1 pathway represents a potential target for immunotherapy in HIV-infected patients on ART with insufficient immune reconstitution.

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