scholarly journals Assessment of Obesity and Cardiometabolic Status by Integrase Inhibitor Use in REPRIEVE: A Propensity-Weighted Analysis of a Multinational Primary Cardiovascular Prevention Cohort of People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma M Kileel ◽  
Janet Lo ◽  
Carlos Malvestutto ◽  
Kathleen V Fitch ◽  
Markella V Zanni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cardiovascular Prevention ◽  
Integrase Inhibitor ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Full Data ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Secondary Analyses

Abstract Background Emerging data demonstrate that the use of integrase inhibitor (INSTI)-based antiretroviral treatment (ART) is associated with increased weight, but the cardiometabolic health consequences of increased weight remains poorly understood. Methods This analysis examined INSTI use (>6 months) at entry among REPRIEVE participants enrolled in High Income and Latin America/Caribbean Global Burden of Disease regions. Primary analyses used linear and logistic regression; secondary analyses used quantile regression to examine differences across the full data distribution. Characteristics of those with and without INSTI use were balanced using inverse probability of treatment weighting. Results Among 4500 REPRIEVE participants, 1848 were on an INSTI-based regimen at entry for an average of 2.1 ± 1.8 years. Integrase inhibitor use (vs no INSTI use) was associated with higher odds of obesity (odds ratio [OR], 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4–1.9) and higher mean body mass index ([BMI] +1.5kg/m2; 95% CI, 1.0–1.9) and waist circumference (+3.6cm; 95% CI, 2.6–4.6). Differences in weight related to INSTI use were greater in the upper tails of the distribution (+3.1kg/m2 [95% CI, 1.9–4.4] at the 90th centile vs +0.7kg/m2 [95% CI, 0.2–1.2] at the 50th centile) and among women and nonwhite participants, with sex and race having an additive effect on BMI. Conversely, INSTI use was not associated with differences in glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or higher odds of metabolic syndrome or hypertension. Conclusions Differences in weight and waist circumference associated with INSTI use are (1) not uniform across people with human immunodeficiency virus, (2) greatest among women and nonwhites, and (3) concentrated at the upper tails of weight distribution. These data identify at-risk subgroups for whom long-term cardiovascular disease outcomes should be carefully assessed.

scholarly journals Statin Effects to Reduce Hepatosteatosis as Measured by Computed Tomography in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Lo ◽  
Michael T. Lu ◽  
Elli A. Kim ◽  
Eric Nou ◽  
Travis R. Hallett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Double Blind Trial ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract Hepatosteatosis is highly prevalent among patients living with human immunodeficiency virus. In a 1-year, randomized, double-blind trial of atorvastatin or placebo, atorvastatin increased liver/spleen ratio among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, indicating a reduction in hepatosteatosis. This reduction in hepatosteatosis is associated with reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with statin therapy.

Lipid Profile in HIV Infected Children Receiving Antiretroviral Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Kavita J. Lall ◽  
Dr. Omesh Khurana ◽  
Dr. Ranjit S Ambad
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Low Density ◽  
First Line ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

This study reviewed the lipid profile of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients in relation to use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Lipid profile is becoming one of the common problems in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. Data on lipid profile derangements induced by antiretroviral treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the lipid profile abnormalities in HIV infected children receiving ART. Material and Method - Information on sex, age, specific ART type in use , ART start date, duration of treatment, duration of HIV infection, BMI, relevant signs and symptoms and medications if any were collected by trained nurses using structured questionnaires and patients medical record. Blood Sample Collection, Transport and Processing - Following a standard and safety collection procedure, about 5 ml fasting venous blood was taken from the patients and the control groups by clinical nurses and senior laboratory technologist. Fasting serum samples were analyzed for total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), High Density Lipoprotein- Cholesterol (HDL-c). Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) was determined by Friedewald Equation (13).   Result and conclusion - There was statistically significant difference between the two groups for TC, TG, TC/HDL-c ratio and TG/HDL –c ratio. On the basis of our study we concluded that the level of TG, TC, HDL-c and VLDL-c is high in HIV positive populations receiving first line ART (group I) as compared to ART naïve (group II). Considering that these altered lipid profiles can be an independent risk factors for coronary artery diseases and myocardial infarction, treatment with first-line ART may actually have potential risks for cardiovascular health of HIV positive people receiving ART.

scholarly journals Modelling the Reallocation of Time Spent Sitting into Physical Activity: Isotemporal Substitution vs. Compositional Isotemporal Substitution

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6210
Author(s):  
Gregory J. H. Biddle ◽  
Joseph Henson ◽  
Stuart J. H. Biddle ◽  
Melanie J. Davies ◽  
Kamlesh Khunti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Randomised Control Trials ◽  
Data Driven Decisions

Isotemporal substitution modelling (ISM) and compositional isotemporal modelling (CISM) are statistical approaches used in epidemiology to model the associations of replacing time in one physical behaviour with time in another. This study’s aim was to use both ISM and CISM to examine and compare associations of reallocating 60 min of sitting into standing or stepping with markers of cardiometabolic health. Cross-sectional data collected during three randomised control trials (RCTs) were utilised. All participants (n = 1554) were identified as being at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Reallocating 60 min from sitting to standing and to stepping was associated with a lower BMI, waist circumference, and triglycerides and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol using both ISM and CISM (p < 0.05). The direction and magnitude of significant associations were consistent across methods. No associations were observed for hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol for either method. Results of both ISM and CISM were broadly similar, allowing for the interpretation of previous research, and should enable future research in order to make informed methodological, data-driven decisions.

scholarly journals Psycho-Social Factors in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease Attending a Family-Centred Prevention and Rehabilitation Programme: EUROACTION Model in Spain

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Cristina Buigues ◽  
Ana Queralt ◽  
Jose Antonio De Velasco ◽  
Antonio Salvador-Sanz ◽  
Catriona Jennings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Illness Perceptions ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cardiovascular Prevention ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Coronary Patients ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
One Year

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) persists as the leading cause of death worldwide. Cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation (CVPR) has an interdisciplinary focus, and includes not only in physiological components, but it also addresses psycho-social factors. Methods: The study analysed the Spanish psycho-social data collected during the EUROACTION study. In Spain, two hospitals were randomised in the Valencia community. Coronary patients were prospectively and consecutively identified in both hospitals. The intervention hospital carried out a 16-week CVPR programme, which aimed to assess illness perceptions and establish healthy behaviours in patients and their partners. Results: Illness perceptions were significantly and inversely associated with anxiety and depression. Low levels of anxiety were associated with better self-management of total cholesterol (p = 0.004) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (p = 0.004). There was concordance at one year among patients and partners who participated in the programme related to anxiety (p < 0.001), fruit consumption (p < 0.001), and vegetable consumption (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The EUROACTION study emphasised the importance of assessing psycho-social factors in a CVPR programme and the inclusion of family as support in patients’ changes in behaviour.

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