scholarly journals Knowledge and Awareness of Acute Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Among Mobile App-Using Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Missed Public Health Opportunity

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron J. Siegler ◽  
Travis Sanchez ◽  
R. Craig Sineath ◽  
Jeremy Grey ◽  
Erin Kahle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Acute Hiv Infection ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acute Hiv ◽  
Sex With Men

Abstract In a national online survey, we assessed awareness and knowledge of acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection manifestation among 1748 men who have sex with men (MSM). Only 39% of respondents were aware that acute HIV infection may be accompanied by symptoms. Education and increased access to acute HIV testing may facilitate MSM to appropriately seek acute HIV testing.

Case 36

2020 ◽  
pp. 247-254
Author(s):  
Andrew Woodhouse
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Acute Hiv Infection ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acute Hiv

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a worldwide infection and new cases continue to occur. Recognizing features of acute HIV infection and also underlying conditions that might reflect longer-standing infection are key to diagnosis. This allows treatment to be started which can maintain or improve health and prevent further deterioration of immune function. Treatment is indicated for the majority of newly diagnosed cases irrespective of immune function status. Current treatment strategies are so effective and tolerable now compared to early antiretroviral regimens that HIV has become a long-term manageable condition for the majority of newly diagnosed people who are able to access antiretroviral therapy.

scholarly journals Implementation and Access to Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for Human Immunodeficiency Virus by Men Who Have Sex With Men in Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Sepodes ◽  
João Rocha ◽  
Jorge Batista ◽  
Maria-Eduardo Figueira ◽  
František Dráfi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a significant public health intervention with proven efficacy and safety in the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, which has taken a considerable amount of time to reach Europe in relation to their transatlantic counterparts, namely, the United States of America (USA). There, it is perceived as being an essential prevention tool to be integrated within existing medical, behavioral and structural interventions in place for the management and containment of HIV infection in men who have sex with men (MSM). In a region such as Europe, with approximately double the USA population, it is estimated that not even 10% have proper access to PrEP, and given the lack of coordination with healthcare, taking PrEP has to be at their own expense. Here, we identify the reasons behind the 4-year lag in the approval of PrEP in the European Union/European Economic Area (and Europe in general) and explore the efficacy and effectiveness of PrEP needed to be confirmed with some implementation or demonstration studies conducted in the region. Independent of the data gathered, access of MSM to PrEP is far from ideal in Europe and much still needs to be done. The demonstration of the cost-effectiveness of PrEP alongside other social and behavioral factors needs to be addressed, while the clear populations within MSM that will benefit from this intervention are properly identified and make use of the latest recommendations of the World Health Organization that consider not only daily PrEP but also event-driven PrEP. The momentum for the proper implementation of PrEP in the EU is not lost, and with the existence of generics and even new formulations, there is a renewed opportunity for unleashing the public health benefits arising from this pharmacological tool with other interventions in place (e.g., condoms, testing, and counseling).

scholarly journals Colorectal Disorders in Acute Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: A Case Series

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theppharit Panichsillapakit ◽  
Derek Patel ◽  
Joanne Santangelo ◽  
Douglas D. Richman ◽  
Susan J. Little ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Acute Hiv Infection ◽  
First Case ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acute Hiv

Abstract Background.  The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is important in the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We report a case series of lower GI endoscopic and histopathologic findings of HIV-infected individuals after presentation with acute infection. Methods.  We performed a retrospective case review of individuals infected with HIV who enrolled between August 2010 and April 2013 in a primary infection treatment trial. All participants started the trial during acute infection and underwent colonoscopy with biopsies at baseline and after the start of antiretroviral treatment. Results.  Twenty acutely infected individuals were included in the study (mean age, 33 years; range, 20–54 years). All participants were male who reported having receptive anal sex as an HIV risk factor. Nine individuals (45%) had at least 1 finding by colorectal pathology; 1 person had 2 diagnoses (diverticulosis and focal active proctitis). The histopathological findings revealed anal dysplasia in 3 cases: 2 had high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) and 1 had low-grade AIN. Two persons had a colorectal polyp, 1 hyperplastic and 1 adenomatous. Three persons were diagnosed with diverticulosis, and 2 persons were diagnosed with proctitis, including 1 with focal active proctitis and 1 with cytomegalovirus proctitis. Conclusions.  To our knowledge, this is the first case series report of lower GI disorders in acute HIV-infected individuals. Although the causal relationship remains uncertain, we describe the endoscopic findings that were observed during acute HIV infection among men who have sex with men. Understanding the prevalence of these pathologies may likely shed light on how acute HIV infection damages the lower GI tract.

scholarly journals Decreased Time to Viral Suppression After Implementation of Targeted Testing and Immediate Initiation of Treatment of Acute Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Amsterdam

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maartje Dijkstra ◽  
Martijn S van Rooijen ◽  
Mariska M Hillebregt ◽  
Ard van Sighem ◽  
Colette Smit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Combination Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Cart Initiation ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Targeted Testing ◽  
Sex With Men

Abstract Background Men who have sex with men (MSM) with acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (AHI) are a key source of new infections. To curb transmission, we implemented a strategy for rapid AHI diagnosis and immediate initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in Amsterdam MSM. We assessed its effectiveness in diagnosing AHI and decreasing the time to viral suppression. Methods We included 63 278 HIV testing visits in 2008–2017, during which 1013 MSM were diagnosed. Standard of care (SOC) included HIV diagnosis confirmation in < 1 week and cART initiation in < 1 month. The AHI strategy comprised same-visit diagnosis confirmation and immediate cART. Time from diagnosis to viral suppression was assessed for 3 cART initiation periods: (1) 2008–2011: cART initiation if CD4 < 500 cells/μL (SOC); (2) January 2012–July 2015: cART initiation if CD4 < 500 cells/μL, or if AHI or early HIV infection (SOC); and (3a) August 2015–June 2017: universal cART initiation (SOC) or (3b) August 2015–June 2017 (the AHI strategy). Results Before implementation of the AHI strategy, the proportion of AHI among HIV diagnoses was 0.6% (5/876); after implementation this was 11.0% (15/137). Median time (in days) to viral suppression during periods 1, 2, 3a, and 3b was 584 (interquartile range [IQR], 267–1065), 230 (IQR, 132–480), 95 (IQR, 63–136), and 55 (IQR, 31–72), respectively (P < .001). Conclusions Implementing the AHI strategy was successful in diagnosing AHI and significantly decreasing the time between HIV diagnosis and viral suppression.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the United States

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 478-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Hariri ◽  
Matthew T. McKenna
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
True Incidence ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Fundamental Shift

SUMMARY The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic emerged in the early 1980s with HIV infection as a highly lethal disease among men who have sex with men and among frequent recipients of blood product transfusions. Advances in the treatment of HIV infection have resulted in a fundamental shift in its epidemiology, to a potentially chronic and manageable condition. However, challenges in the prevention of this infection remain. In particular, increasing evidence suggests that transmission of drug-resistant virus is becoming more common and that the epidemic is having a profound impact on morbidity and mortality in ethnic and racial minority subgroups in the United States. New population-based data collection systems designed to describe trends in behaviors associated with HIV transmission and better methods for measuring the true incidence of transmission will better elucidate the characteristics of HIV infection in the United States and inform future public health policies.

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