Impact of an Altered Mental Status (AMS)/Suspected Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Protocol on Urine Culture Collection and Antibiotic Consumption in a Long-Term Care Facility

Abstract Objectives To address the faecal carriage prevalence of antibiotic-multiresistant bacteria and associated risk factors in a public long-term care facility (LTCF). Methods A prospective study in a single government-funded LTCF of 300 residents in Ciudad Real, Spain. Residents’ clinical and demographic data were collected, as well as recent antibiotic consumption in the institution. Each participant contributed a rectal swab, which was plated on selective and differential-selective media. Colonies were identified by MALDI-TOF and ESBL production was confirmed by the double-disc synergy method, with characterization of the molecular mechanism by PCR. Isolates were typed by PFGE and submitted for ST131 screening by PCR. Results Faecal carriage of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales was detected in 58 (31%) of 187 participants and previous infection by MDR bacteria was identified as a risk factor. The genes characterized were: blaCTX-M-15 (40.6%); blaCTX-M-14 (28.8%); blaCTX-M-27 (13.5%); and blaCTX-M-24 (10.1%). Some 56.4% of the isolates were grouped into the E. coli ST131 clone; 70.9% of these corresponded to the O25b serotype, 51.6% of them to Clade C1 (H30) and 12.9% to Clade C2 (H30Rx). Clade C1 isolates were mostly C1-M27, whereas the C2 sublineage was mainly related to the production of CTX-M-15. ST131-CTX-M-24 isolates (n = 6) corresponded to Clade A with serotype O16. Conclusions A high prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales faecal carriage has been detected in a single LTCF, highlighting the emergence of ST131 Clade A-M24 and Clade C1-M27 lineages.

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Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia in Older Adults: Predictors of 7-Day Mortality and Infection With a Methicillin-Resistant Strain

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1086/507924 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 27 (11) ◽

pp. 1219-1225 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Mazen S. Bader

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Mental Status ◽

Long Term Care ◽

Care Facility ◽

Altered Mental Status ◽

Term Care ◽

Long Term Care Facility ◽

The Past ◽

Previous Hospitalization

Objectives.To determine the predictors of 7-day mortality in older adult patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia after controlling for comorbidity using the Charlson weighted index of comorbidity (WIC) and to identify the risk factors associated with bacteremia due to methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA).Design.Retrospective cohort study from January 2003 until December 2004.Setting.Two tertiary care, university-affiliated hospitals.Methods.One hundred thirty-five hospitalized patients with S. aureus bacteremia were included in the study. All patients who were 60 years or older and had 1 or more blood cultures positive for S. aureus were included in the study. The primary outcome was death 7 days after the onset of S. aureus bacteremia.Results.Twenty-one patients (15.6%) died within 7 days after the onset of S. aureus bacteremia. Seventy-four patients (56.1%) had MRSA bacteremia. Multivariate analysis identified 3 independent determinants of 7-day mortality: Charlson WIC score greater than 5 (odds ratio [OR], 3.6 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.1-11.2]; P = .03), previous hospitalization in the past 3 months (OR, 5.0 [95% CI, 1.1-25.1]; P = .04), and altered mental status at the onset of S. aureus bacteremia (OR, 13.6 [95% CI, 2.9-64.6]; P = .001). Multivariate analysis identified .previous hospitalization in the past 3 months (OR, 2.6 [95% CI, 1.1-5.9]; P = .02), residence in a long-term care facility (OR, 4.5 [95% CI, 1.7-12.3]; P = .003), and altered mental status at the onset of S. aureus bacteremia (OR, 2.5 [95% CI, 1.5-5.6]; P = .02) to be independently associated with the presence of MRSA.Conclusions.The Charlson WIC is significantly associated with increased mortality of S. aureus bacteremia in older adults. Previous hospitalization in the past 3 months, residence in a long-term care facility, and altered mental status should be used as a guidance for empirical vancomycin therapy and application of infection control measures in older adults with suspected S. aureus bacteremia.

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