scholarly journals Chikungunya and O’nyong-nyong Viruses in Uganda: Implications for Diagnostics

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara L Clements ◽  
Cynthia A Rossi ◽  
Amanda K Irish ◽  
Hannah Kibuuka ◽  
Leigh Anne Eller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Yellow Fever Virus ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Marburg Virus ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Lassa Virus ◽  
Antibody Prevalence ◽  
Valley Fever

Abstract Background A serosurvey of healthy blood donors provided evidence of hemorrhagic fever and arthropod-borne virus infections in Uganda. Methods Antibody prevalence to arthropod-borne and hemorrhagic fever viruses in human sera was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Results The greatest antibody prevalence determined by ELISA was to chikungunya virus (CHIKV) followed in descending order by West Nile virus (WNV), Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), Ebola virus (EBOV), dengue virus (DEN), yellow fever virus (YFV), Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), Marburg virus (MARV), and Lassa virus (LASV). Further investigation of CHIKV-positive sera demonstrated that the majority of antibody responses may likely be the result of exposure to the closely related alphavirus o’nyong-nyong virus (ONNV). Conclusions As the use of highly specific and sensitive polymerase chain reaction–based assays becomes the diagnostic standard without the corresponding use of the less sensitive but more broadly reactive immunological-based assays, emerging and re-emerging outbreaks will be initially missed, illustrating the need for an orthogonal system for the detection and identification of viruses causing disease.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Detection of Ebola Virus and Pathogens Associated With Hemorrhagic Fever by an Oligonucleotide Microarray

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenwu Yao ◽  
Zhangnv Yang ◽  
Xiuyu Lou ◽  
Haiyan Mao ◽  
Hao Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Yellow Fever Virus ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Oligonucleotide Microarray ◽  
Marburg Virus ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B

Ebola virus infection causes severe hemorrhagic fever, and its mortality rates varied from 25 to 90% in the previous outbreaks. The highly infectious and lethal nature of this virus highlights the need for reliable and sensitive diagnostic methods to distinguish it from other diseases present with similar clinical symptoms. Based on multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and oligonucleotide microarray technology, a cost-effective, multipathogen and high-throughput method was developed for simultaneous detection of Ebola virus and other pathogens associated with hemorrhagic fever, including Marburg virus, Lassa fever virus, Junin virus, Machupo virus, Rift Valley fever virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, malaria parasite, hantavirus, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus, dengue virus, yellow fever virus, Chikungunya virus, influenza A virus, and influenza B virus. This assay had an excellent specificity for target pathogens, without overlap signal between the probes. The limit of detection was approximately 103 pathogen copies/μl. A total of 60 positive nucleic acid samples for different pathogens were detected, a concordance of 100% was observed between microarray assay and real-time PCR analysis. Consequently, the described oligonucleotide microarray may be specific and sensitive assay for diagnosis and surveillance of infections caused by Ebola virus and other species of hemorrhagic fever pathogens.

scholarly journals Detection of the Northeastern African Rift Valley Fever Virus Lineage During the 2015 Outbreak in Mauritania

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ndeye Sakha Bob ◽  
Hampâté Bâ ◽  
Gamou Fall ◽  
Elkhalil Ishagh ◽  
Mamadou Y. Diallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever

Abstract Background Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an acute viral anthropozoonosis that causes epizootics and epidemics among livestock population and humans. Multiple emergences and reemergences of the virus have occurred in Mauritania over the last decade. This article describes the outbreak that occurred in 2015 in Mauritania and reports the results of serological and molecular investigations of blood samples collected from suspected RVF patients. Methods An RVF outbreak was reported from 14 September to 26 November 2015 in Mauritania. Overall, 184 suspected cases from different localities were identified by 26 health facilities. Blood samples were collected and tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at the Institut Pasteur de Dakar (IPD). Sequencing of partial genomes and phylogenetic analyses were performed on RT-PCR–positive samples. As part of routine surveillance at IPD, samples were also screened for dengue, yellow fever, West Nile, Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever, Zika, and Chikungunya viruses by ELISA and RT-PCR. Results Of the 184 suspected cases, there were 57 confirmed cases and 12 deaths. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences indicated an emergence of a virus that originated from Northeastern Africa. Our results show co-circulation of other arboviruses in Mauritania—dengue, Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever, and West Nile viruses. Conclusion The Northeastern Africa lineage of RVF was responsible for the outbreak in Mauritania in 2015. Co-circulation of multiples arboviruses was detected. This calls for systematic differential diagnosis and highlights the need to strengthen arbovirus surveillance in Africa.

scholarly journals A ΩXaV motif in the Rift Valley fever virus NSs protein is essential for degrading p62, forming nuclear filaments and virulence

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (19) ◽  
pp. 6021-6026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Normand Cyr ◽  
Cynthia de la Fuente ◽  
Lauriane Lecoq ◽  
Irene Guendel ◽  
Philippe R. Chabot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Excision Repair ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Nonstructural Protein ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Infected Cells

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a single-stranded RNA virus capable of inducing fatal hemorrhagic fever in humans. A key component of RVFV virulence is its ability to form nuclear filaments through interactions between the viral nonstructural protein NSs and the host general transcription factor TFIIH. Here, we identify an interaction between a ΩXaV motif in NSs and the p62 subunit of TFIIH. This motif in NSs is similar to ΩXaV motifs found in nucleotide excision repair (NER) factors and transcription factors known to interact with p62. Structural and biophysical studies demonstrate that NSs binds to p62 in a similar manner as these other factors. Functional studies in RVFV-infected cells show that the ΩXaV motif is required for both nuclear filament formation and degradation of p62. Consistent with the fact that the RVFV can be distinguished from otherBunyaviridae-family viruses due to its ability to form nuclear filaments in infected cells, the motif is absent in the NSs proteins of otherBunyaviridae-family viruses. Taken together, our studies demonstrate that p62 binding to NSs through the ΩXaV motif is essential for degrading p62, forming nuclear filaments and enhancing RVFV virulence. In addition, these results show how the RVFV incorporates a simple motif into the NSs protein that enables it to functionally mimic host cell proteins that bind the p62 subunit of TFIIH.

scholarly journals Mosquito-Borne Viral Pathogens Detected in Zambia: A Systematic Review

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1007
Author(s):  
Rachel Milomba Velu ◽  
Geoffrey Kwenda ◽  
Liyali Libonda ◽  
Caroline Cleopatra Chisenga ◽  
Bumbangi Nsoni Flavien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Yellow Fever Virus ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Effective Prevention

Emerging and re-emerging mosquito-borne viral diseases are a threat to global health. This systematic review aimed to investigate the available evidence of mosquito-borne viral pathogens reported in Zambia. A search of literature was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar for articles published from 1 January 1930 to 30 June 2020 using a combination of keywords. Eight mosquito-borne viruses belonging to three families, Togaviridae, Flaviviridae and Phenuiviridae were reported. Three viruses (Chikungunya virus, Mayaro virus, Mwinilunga virus) were reported among the togaviruses whilst four (dengue virus, West Nile virus, yellow fever virus, Zika virus) were among the flavivirus and only one virus, Rift Valley fever virus, was reported in the Phenuiviridae family. The majority of these mosquito-borne viruses were reported in Western and North-Western provinces. Aedes and Culex species were the main mosquito-borne viral vectors reported. Farming, fishing, movement of people and rain patterns were among factors associated with mosquito-borne viral infection in Zambia. Better diagnostic methods, such as the use of molecular tools, to detect the viruses in potential vectors, humans, and animals, including the recognition of arboviral risk zones and how the viruses circulate, are important for improved surveillance and design of effective prevention and control measures.

scholarly journals Detection of Rift Valley Fever Virus Lineage H from South Africa through Syndromic Sentinel Surveillance Network in Senegal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ndeye Sakha Bob ◽  
Mamadou Aliou Barry ◽  
Moussa Moise Diagne ◽  
Martin Faye ◽  
Marie Henriette Dior Ndione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Valley Fever

Abstract Background Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an arbovirus that causes epizootics and epidemics among livestock population and humans. Our surveillance system has revealed multiple emergences and re-emergences of RVFV in West Africa over the last decade. Methods In Senegal a sentinel syndromic surveillance network (4S) has been implemented since 2011. Samples from human suspected arbovirus infection in 4S sentinel sites were sent to Institut Pasteur de Dakar (IPD) where arbovirus diagnosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and virus isolation were performed. Overall, IPD has received a total of 1,149 samples from arboviral suspected patients through the 4S network from January to December 2020. These samples were screened for seven arboviruses including RVFV. Whole genome sequencing of positive RVFV samples by RT-PCR were performed using Illumina Miseq platform followed by genome assembly. Phylogenetic analysis were performed using MEGA X. Results Out of the 1,149 arbovirus suspected cases, four RVFV positive samples were detected with RT-PCR while five RVFV positive samples were detected by ELISA. Complete genome sequences were obtained for three strains among the four positive samples by RT-PCR. Phylogenetic analyses indicated an emergence of a virus first described in South Africa during a major outbreak. Conclusion Strong surveillance system allowed the detection of RVFV outbreak in Senegal in 2020. The obtained genomes clustered with strains from South Africa belonging to lineage H. This calls for an implementation of a strong surveillance system in wild animals, humans, and livestock simultaneously in all African Countrries.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document