Cordon approach in a delta

2020 ◽  
pp. 276-346
Author(s):  
S. Nazrul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Formation Process ◽  
Active Part ◽  
River Systems ◽  
Bengal Delta ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Delta Formation ◽  
Basic Facts ◽  
The Ganges

Chapter 11 illustrates the consequences of the Cordon approach through the experience of the Bengal Delta, formed by three great river systems—the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna. The chapter explains the delta formation process in general, noting the stages through which it progresses. It presents the basic facts regarding the Bengal delta, which now spreads across both Bangladesh and India. The chapter reviews the application of the Cordon approach in both parts of the delta. It notes that the approach received wider application in Bangladesh, which contains the larger and active part of the Bengal Delta. In the process, the approach gave rise to different types of cordons, rural and urban; coastal and inland; and partial and full. The chapter shows that while the specificities differ, the Cordon approach in each case led to separation of the land from the nurturing functions of river overflows, emergence of the new danger of catastrophic flooding, and the nagging problem of waterlogging. The Cordon approach also led to the rise of conflicts, pitting people inside the cordons with those remaining outside, who witnessed aggravation of flooding.

The Oxford University/British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara Survey of Medieval Castles of Anatolia (1992) Mastaura Kalesi: a Preliminary Report

1993 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 117-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Barnes ◽  
Mark Whittow
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
River Systems ◽  
Western Turkey ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
Different Types ◽  
British Institute ◽  
Geographical Context

1992 was the first season of the Oxford University/British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara Survey of Medieval Castles of Anatolia. Over the next five years it is planned to survey and record in as much detail as practicable five Byzantine castles in the area of the Büyük and Küçük Menderes river systems in western Turkey. The five castles will eventually be published in a single monograph where they can be discussed as a group and placed in their historical and geographical context. An annual preliminary report will appear in Anatolian Studies, which we hope will serve as a forum to test ideas, raise problems, and encourage other historians and archaeologists to suggest further ways of obtaining the most from these sites.The five sites—indicated on Fig. 1—are Mastaura kalesi (near Bozyurt, in Aydın ili, Nazilli ilçesi, merkez bucağı); Yılanlı kalesi (on the side of the Boz dağ near Kemer in İzmir ili, Ödemiş. ilçesi, Birgi bucağı); Çardak kalesi (near Çardak in Denizli ili, Çardak ilçesi, merkez bucağı); Yöre kalesi (near Yöre köy in Aydın ili, Kuyucak ilçesi, Pamukören bucağı); and Ulubey kalesi (on the Kazancı deresi near Ulubey in Uşak ili, Ulubey ilçesi). None has received more than brief notice before; none has been planned or studied in any detail. They have been chosen to cover the whole period of Byzantine rule in the area from the seventh century to the early fourteenth, and a variety of the different types and functions of Byzantine castles. Yılanlı is possibly a late seventh-century fortress, built in the context of the Arab attempts to take Constantinople and the consequent struggle to control the western coastlands of Asia Minor. Çardak appears to have been built between the seventh and the ninth century principally to act as a look-out point in the Byzantine defensive system against Arab raids.

scholarly journals Fluvial Erosion Characterisation in the Juqueriquerê River Channel, Caraguatatuba, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor F. Velázquez ◽  
Viviane D. A. Portela ◽  
José M. Azevedo Sobrinho ◽  
Antonio C. M. Guedes ◽  
Mikhaela A. J. S. P Letsch
Keyword(s):  
River Channel ◽  
Crystalline Basement ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
Effective Capacity ◽  
River Systems ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Fluvial Erosion ◽  
Excellent Opportunity ◽  
Different Types

The Juqueriquerê River channel was formed in a Precambrian crystalline basement. The lithological association is largely composed of ancient metamorphic and igneous rocks, with several overlapping tectonic episodes. Field surveys along the upper and middle course allowed for cataloguing a wide variety of fluvial erosion features. A sizable amount of morphological features have been sculpted on different types of rocks, including furrows, potholes, percussion marks, polishing and smoothing boulders as the most representative. The sizes and shapes of these scour marks are also diverse, and their study has provided important results for better understanding the erosive processes. Given their wide variety, the erosive morphological features offer an excellent opportunity to explore the mechanisms of fluvial erosion and evaluate their effective capacity to remove cobbles and boulders in bedrock river systems.

scholarly journals Differences in Percutaneous Injury Patterns in A Multi-Hospital System

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 731-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary M. Babcock ◽  
Victoria Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Rural Hospitals ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Hospital System ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Urban Hospitals ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Different Types

AbstractObjective:Determine differences in patterns of percutaneous injuries (PIs) in different types of hospitals.Design:Case series of injuries occurring from 1997 to 2001.Setting:Large midwestern healthcare system with a consolidated occupational health database from 9 hospitals, including rural and urban, community and teaching (1 pediatric, 1 adult) facilities, ranging from 113 to 1,400 beds.Participants:Healthcare workers injured between 1997 and 2001.Results:Annual injury rates for all hospitals decreased during the study period from 21 to 16.5/100 beds (chi-square for trend = 22.7; P = .0001). Average annual injury rates were higher at larger hospitals (22.5 vs 9.5 Pis/100 beds; P = .0001). Among small hospitals, rural hospitals had higher rates than did urban hospitals (14.87 vs 8.02 PIs/100 beds; P = .0143). At small hospitals, an increased proportion of injuries occurred in the emergency department (13.7% vs 8.6%; P = .0004), operating room (32.3% vs 25.4%; P = .0002), and ICU (12.3% vs 9.4%; P = .0225), compared with large hospitals. Rural hospitals had higher injury rates in the radiology department (7.7% vs 2%; P = .0015) versus urban hospitals. Injuries at the teaching hospitals occurred more commonly on the wards (28.8% vs 24%; P = .0021) and in ICUs (11.4% vs 7.8%; P = .0006) than at community hospitals. Injuries involving butterfly needles were more common at pediatric versus adult hospitals (15.8% vs 6.5%; P = .0001). The prevalence of source patients infected with HIV and hepatitis C was higher at large hospitals.Conclusions:Significant differences exist in injury rates and patterns among different types of hospitals. These data can be used to target intervention strategies.

Impacts of climate change and socio-economic scenarios on flow and water quality of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna (GBM) river systems: low flow and flood statistics

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1057-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Whitehead ◽  
E. Barbour ◽  
M. N. Futter ◽  
S. Sarkar ◽  
H. Rodda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
River Systems ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
The Ganges ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

The potential impacts of climate change and socio-economic change on flow and water quality in rivers worldwide is a key area of interest.

Processes of delta formation in the mouth area of the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. N. Mikhailov ◽  
M. A. Dotsenko
Keyword(s):  
Mouth Area ◽  
Delta Formation ◽  
The Ganges

scholarly journals Characterization of artisanal fisheries in Nepal and potential implications for the conservation and management of Ganges River Dolphin (Platanista gangetica gangetica)

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shambhu Paudel ◽  
Juan C Levesque ◽  
Camilo Saavedra ◽  
Cristina Pita ◽  
Prabhat Pal
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Main Channel ◽  
Artisanal Fisheries ◽  
Ganges River ◽  
River Systems ◽  
River Dolphin ◽  
Main River ◽  
Local Species ◽  
The Ganges

The Ganges River dolphin (Platanista gangetica gangetica) (GRD) is classified as one of the most endangered of all cetaceans in the world and the second scarcest freshwater cetacean. The population is estimated to be less than 2,000 individuals. In Nepal’s Narayani, Sapta Koshi, and Karnali river systems, survival of GRD continues to be threatened by various anthropogenic activities, such as dam construction and interactions with artisanal fisheries. A basic description of the geographic scope, economics, and types of gear used in these fisheries would help managers understand the fishery-dolphin interaction conflict and assist with developing potential solutions to reduce interactions between GRD and local fisheries in Nepal. The main purpose of the study was to collect fishery and socio-economic information by conducting interviews with local fishermen in the Narayani, Sapta Koshi, and Karnali river systems. Based on interviews (n = 163), 79 percent of Nepalese fishermen indicated fishing for local species (e.g., mullet [Rhinomugil corsula] or siloroid catfish [Bagarius bagarius]) was their primary form of income. Fishermen reported fishing effort was greater in summer than winter; greatest in the afternoon (1430 hrs ± 0.27) and during low water level conditions; and gear was set 4.8 ± 0.2 days/week. Fishermen reported using eight different types of monofilament nets (gillnets and cast nets). Sixty percent used gillnets less than 10 m long, and less than one third preferred gillnets between 10 and 100 m long; a few used gillnets longer than 100 m. Fishermen usually set their gear close to their village, and about 50 percent preferred to fish in tributaries followed by the main channel behind sandbars and islands, and the main channel near a bank. Fishermen reported seeing more GRD in the main river stem in winter. In summer, fishermen spotted more GRD in tributaries. Most fishermen told us they believed education, awareness, and changing occupations were important for GRD conservation, but they indicated that occupational options were currently limited in Nepal. Nepalese fishermen acknowledged that fisheries posed a risk to GRD, but they believed water pollution, and dam/irrigation development were the greatest threats.

Scientific literacy as collective praxis

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolff-Michael Roth ◽  
Stuart Lee
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literacy ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Learning Science ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Collective Activity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Basic Facts ◽  
Scientific Facts ◽  
Science Educators ◽  
Water Problems

In this article, we conceive of scientific literacy as a property of collective activity rather than individual minds. We think of knowing and learning science as situated in and distributed across social and material aspects of a setting. To support the proposed conception, we provide several detailed cases from our three-year multi-site ethnographic study of science in one community, featuring different types of citizens who walk a creek, interact during an environment-oriented open-house event, discuss water problems, collect data, and have different conceptions of human-environment relations. The case studies show that collectively, much more advanced forms of scientific literacy are produced than any individual (including scientists) could produce. Creating opportunities for scientific literacy to emerge from collective activity, irrespective of whether one or more participants know some basic scientific facts, presents challenges to science educators very different from teaching basic facts and skills to individuals.

Field survey of pollutants discharged from different types of residential area in the Yamuna River Basin, India

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 2207-2216
Author(s):  
A. Miyamoto ◽  
K. Sakurai ◽  
R. Hiraide ◽  
M. Minamiyama ◽  
O. Fujiki
Keyword(s):  
Field Survey ◽  
Runoff Coefficient ◽  
Ganges River ◽  
Yamuna River ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Pollutant Load ◽  
Major Tributary ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Ganges

The Ganges River, one of the most heavily populated and urbanized river basins in Asia, is polluted by increasing wastewater influent and water-borne diseases are caused in the metropolitan area. This study focused on the Yamuna River, a major tributary of the Ganges. We determined the pollutant load per unit of urban area classified by the income of the residents to help design an appropriate sewerage system. In addition, a simple method of estimating runoff pollutant load was examined using data on pollutant load per unit and runoff coefficient.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document