Active Governance and Smart Citizenship

Cities are increasingly dependent on networks, sensors, and microcontrollers. Artificial intelligence has managed to mimic human behavior, and in a few years, many jobs may be replaced by computers or machines. Today, smart cities are evolving in all countries from the poorest to the most economically viable, and there are many smart city applications that rely on observation and participation of the citizens. Active citizens are interested in the benefits of their city, and they are involved in improving and promoting urban living. All levels of smart citizen participation are associated with liberal citizenship and personal autonomy and the choice of individuals to perform specific roles and take responsibility for their actions. The states in turn provide liberal forms of government. Smart cities need “smart people” who can take an active part in both governance and city reform. This kind of citizen participation is more than just a ritual participation in government.

Perceiving Sustainability

Individuals are addressed by the Agenda 2030 to be an active part of sustainable development. However, sustainable development is a complex and strategic topic where individuals struggle with adequate behavior. Although, for example, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a framework to organize the topic's complexity, the level of information often is beyond individual life. Consequently, people lack knowledge and ideas of how to act in the sense of sustainable development. To tackle this challenge, a workshop including a structural constellation is conceptualized. Based on the experiential learning process which includes feeling, reflecting, thinking, and acting, participants access the SDG-framework linked to personal experience. This is possible as the workshop uses the subgoals and indicators of the SDG-framework that are used to monitor the global achievements of countries. Workshop participants create awareness and build knowledge about sustainable development which in turn will change their behavior and may lead to innovation.

Moving Seascapes: The Architecture and Biology of Fishing and Canning on the Portuguese Coast

When they fish, humans play an active part in the dynamics of marine ecosys-tems, and architecture is subsequently involved in the processing of their catch. Our goal is to develop the idea of Fishing Architecture as a useful concept for understanding the interconnected relationship between architecture and fish-ing. By analysing the architectural and ecological outcomes of fisheries and can-ning industry, we will try to assess the complex relationship between human ac-tivities and environmental transformations. How can we represent the intricate relationship between the sea and the coast? This text seeks to state this hypothe-sis and incorporate ecological information into the analysis of the development of the sardine canning industry in Matosinhos. Based on the knowledge of ma-rine ecology, we hope to find an original perspective from which to visualize and evaluate urban developments and their environmental impacts.

Récit colonial allemand sur la région du Cross-river au Cameroun : pluri-référentialité, collection des savoirs ethnologiques et relations interculturelles – le cas de Urwald-Dokumente: Vier Jahre unter den Crossflussnegern Kameruns d’Alfred Mansfeld

On the basis of the colonial narrative of Alfred Mansfeld, the present article shows how the narrator manages to convey his knowledge about Cameroon’s Cross-river region. German colonial literature played a very active part in the media campaign for the dissemination of information about the colonies. Therefore, the colonial space became an object of interest (as a source of knowledge) for colonial writers. The presented intercultural reading makes it possible to outline the different visions of cultural contact that existed between the colonizer and the natives.

REMARKS ON TRADE UNIONS’ ENTITLEMENTS IN THE FIELD OF COUNTERACTING BULLYING (MOBBING) AT WORK

In Poland the obligation to counteract bullying (mobbing) is imposed on employers by Article 943 of the Labour Code. The method of fulfilling this obligation is not indicated. The regulation is limited to precising the employer’s liability. Also the Act on Trade Unions does not deal with the trade unions’ competences in the field of bullying (mobbing). Yet, it proclaims the protection of dignity and moral interests of persons performing work, both individual and collective ones, as one of the tasks of trade unions. Thus, it is sometimes suggested that trade union’s representatives should take active part in activities and possible bodies aiming to counteract bullying (mobbing). However, admitting a trade union’s representative to employer’s activities aiming to counteract bullying might lead to infringement of the negative freedom of trade unions, personal rights and data of those people involved who are not trade union’s members.

Investigation of Distribution Transformers Vibrations in Terms of Core and Winding Condition Assessment

This work refers to the criterion values used to assess the state of the active part of the transformer based on the analysis of the effective value of the total vibration acceleration and the frequency spectrum. It was proved in the work that the criteria values should be differentiated for transformers of different rated power. Transformers with lower rated power are characterized by lower RMS values of vibration acceleration than units with higher rated power, which cannot remain without impact on the criteria values. Trend analysis of the total aRMS values may reveal increasing defects before the currently applicable criteria values are exceeded. In addition, the influence of the position of the sensor on the frequency spectrum of the obtained signals was analyzed. It was proved that the sensors should be mounted in the middle of the transformer tank, between its lower part and the cover. The dependence of RMS value of vibration acceleration on no-load losses was also determined for transformers of different types but the same rated power. This relationship will not have a large share in the total vibrations of the transformer, due to slight changes in the value of aRMS occurring for all analyzed units.

INFLUENCE OF PIK-ANTISTRESS FODDER ADDITIVE ON THE CONTENT OF MACROELEMENTS IN BLOOD AND TISSUE OF BROILER CHICKENS OF INDUSTRIAL GROWING

Growth and development of broiler chickens with intensive fattening, especially in the finishing period, reaches a peak in intensity. Under conditions of technological stress, mineral metabolism takes an active part in the development of the adaptation syndrome. Feeding the bird with a stress protector at a dose of 1269 g / t of feed led to a statistically significant increase in the ash content of the pectoralis minor, serum calcium, magnesium in the bone tissue and a decrease in phosphorus in the pectoralis minor; at a dose of 1693 g / t of feed, it significantly increased the ash content of the skin, the content of calcium in the blood, magnesium in the bone tissue, and reduced the level of phosphorus in the femoral muscles.

"Getting down with Covid, being crowned, under quarantine, or language transformations during a pandemic "

The focus of the paper is on the neologisms that have occurred in Bulgarian as a result of the pandemic. The corpus of analysis comprises linguistic exchanges collected during some personal conversations of the author with a number of informants as well as occurrences of the encountered neologisms in the social and mainstream media. The neologisms were also compared with the linguistic entries in some reference books and their frequency of use was checked through search engines. One of the main conclusions reached is that despite the fact that some of the analysed neologisms are not part of the official lexicon they are widely used in the social and the mass media, which means they are an active part of everyday life of Bulgarians.

Joint Initiatives Instead of Multilateralism: A New Reality for the WTO?

The article examines the complexities of the negotiation function of the WTO, in which consensus in decision-making plays an important role. The author systematizes the possibilities and limitations for incorporating the results of plurilateral negotiations (i.e., with a limited number of participants) held within the framework of the so-called joint statement initiatives into the organization's law. The article also analyzes the prospects for integrating specific joint initiatives (internal regulation in services, simplification of investments in development, e-commerce) into the WTO system. The article emphasizes that despite standard features, all initiatives are unique in their content, format, and history and are at different stages of readiness, for Russia, which takes an active part in these joint initiatives, bringing the negotiations to a conclusion. The article criticizes joint initiatives from their primary opponents (India and South Africa), who insist that plurilateral initiatives' participation ignores existing multilateral mandates reached by consensus. Thus, they destroy the multilateral system.The purpose of the article is to review conceptual and practical approaches to forming new trade rules in the WTO system in the context of the multilateral crisis. The author concludes that plurilateral agreements can become a way out of the crisis in the negotiation function of the WTO, as well as the basis for future trade agreements in the system of organization. However, for plurilateralism to be effective and sustainable, it must be linked to multilateral norms and principles. Any plurilateral approach must allow flexibility in forming the basis for negotiating trade rules at multilateral level. It seems that if in the near future the WTO does not take decisive actions to adjust the rules and procedures for the new agreements, the prospects for advancing negotiations and maintaining the relevance of the leading institution of the international trading system will become even bleaker.

Chaos theory and youth extremism in Russia

Many scientific works of sociologists, political analysts, psychologists, linguists have been devoted to the study of youth extremism, its various aspects and the fight against it. However, youth extremism still exists, and its violent manifestations destroy political and social stability in different countries including Russia. Therefore, the search for ways to counter this phenomenon continues. The purpose of the study is to clarify the concepts of youth extremism, to determine the approach to its study and the fight against it as well as to apply this approach to the predicted specific political crisis in Russia. Methodology, methods. The article uses chaos theory adapted to the analysis of social reality as a methodology for the study of youth extremism. To tackle manifestations of youth extremism, the method based on the use of so–called strange attractors is proposed. Results. The field of the research is determined through the correlation of the concepts of “extremism”, “radicalism”, “deviation”, “delinquency”. The study clarifies the concept of extremism, gives its classification, and substantiates the boundaries of its social carrier - the youth. Chaos theory is used to study youth extremism and predict the development of social crises in Russia, in which young people can take an active part. The possibility of using so-called strange attractors to prevent active performances of young extremists in a situation of a specific political crisis is shown. The scientific novelty lies in the use of chaos theory to study youth extremism in modern Russia and the fight against it. Practical significance. A concrete way of countering manifestations of youth extremism in real political conditions is suggested.