Human Performance Optimization

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Desirable Outcome ◽  
Near Future

Advances in cognitive neuroscience, engineering, and related fields suggest new ways of optimizing human performance. Especially for organizations that operate in high-stakes, high-stress, and competitive settings, helping individual workers and teams improve and sustain performance represents a desirable outcome. Moreover, to the extent that strategies to improve performance allow individuals to grow and flourish, enhancing performance is also a desirable outcome for workers. This volume addresses state-of-the-art scientifically grounded approaches to optimizing human performance. Collectively, the topics addressed integrate performance optimization strategies across several disciplines that speak to performance enhancement. A common theme is the need to include ethical considerations in any decision to implement human performance optimization strategies. The book concludes with a summary and synthesis of currently attainable approaches to performance enhancement and approaches that may emerge in the near future based on further research and development.

Human Performance Optimization

Head Strong ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 78-98
Author(s):  
Michael D. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Human Physiology ◽  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Leader Development ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Military Forces ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Military ◽  
Near Future

Budgetary constraints and emerging advances in weapons technology have resulted in a substantial reduction in the sizes of contemporary military forces. The US Army, at less than 500,000 soldiers, is a fraction of its size of a generation ago, yet the demands for it to deploy in a variety of missions around the globe have only increased. This chapter reviews current and emerging strategies that may aid in optimizing soldier performance. Developments in human physiology, genetics, nutrition, neurotechnology, sleep, noncognitive amplifiers, and leader development are described. Currently available strategies are identified, as are approaches to human performance optimization that are likely to emerge in the near future. Extrapolations of human performance optimization protocols to other contexts beyond the military are considered.

Human Performance Optimization

2019 ◽  
pp. 425-434
Author(s):  
Michael D. Matthews ◽  
David M. Schnyer
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Team Performance ◽  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Organizational Goal ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Performance Challenges

This chapter summarizes and integrates the various approaches to optimizing human performance addressed in this book. Strategies for performance enhancement are evaluated across the three main domains of focus in this volume—physical, cognitive, and social. Moreover, for each domain, the authors offer suggestions for those that may be applied in the near term versus those that, while potentially useful, await further research and development. There are many steps that organizations might undertake at present to enhance individual and team performance. Challenges to achieving this goal include (a) establishing HPO as a salient organizational goal, (b) developing a strategy that effectively reaches all levels of an organization, and (c) designing an approach that is relevant and suitable to the needs of the organization. A unifying theme involves the criticality of ensuring that scientifically derived approaches to enhancing human performance meet stringent ethical guidelines before being implemented.

Tools for Human Performance Enhancement in Aviation Maintenance

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-60
Author(s):  
William B. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Federal Aviation Administration ◽  
Cd Rom ◽  
Aviation Maintenance ◽  
Multi Media ◽  
Maintenance And Inspection ◽  
The Right

Human Factors and ergonomics professionals are often asked to “show” how their research has affected on-the-job human performance. They are asked to show measurable changes in human effectiveness and efficiency at work. There is always the demand for HF&E researchers to create procedures and tools that can guide non-human factors personnel to make the “right” human-centered decisions. This symposium will show and distribute such tools that have been designed and tested in an aviation maintenance environment. For over six years now, the Federal Aviation Administration Office of Aviation Medicine has conducted an extensive research program centered on human factors in aviation maintenance and inspection. The research program has earned a reputation of demonstrating a “hands-on” understanding of aviation maintenance and maintaining a close working relationship with all segments of the industry. The symposium will begin with an overview of FAA-sponsored research results applied to aviation maintenance and safety over the past six years. In the second paper the Human Factors Guide for Aviation Maintenance, completed in 1995, will be described. The third presentation will demonstrate a CD-ROM version of the Guide. The presentation shall also discuss human-computer interface issues pertinent to developing interactive multi-media information systems. The final presentation will show a multi-media software package to conduct ergonomics audits in a variety of industrial environments. The system has evolved from three years of ergonomics audit research in aviation maintenance workplaces. Each of the session presentations will demonstrate and distribute HF&E tools to session attendees.

The Warrior Model for Human Performance Optimization

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy C. Sell ◽  
Robert H. Lutz ◽  
Mallory S. Faherty
Keyword(s):  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Human Performance

scholarly journals A survey of mathematical models of human performance using power and energy

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Sarthy M. Sreedhara ◽  
Gregory M. Mocko ◽  
Randolph E. Hutchison
Keyword(s):  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Critical Power ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Health Performance ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Power And Energy ◽  
Two Parameter ◽  
Individual Training

AbstractThe ability to predict the systematic decrease of power during physical exertion gives valuable insights into health, performance, and injury. This review surveys the research of power-based models of fatigue and recovery within the area of human performance. Upon a thorough review of available literature, it is observed that the two-parameter critical power model is most popular due to its simplicity. This two-parameter model is a hyperbolic relationship between power and time with critical power as the power-asymptote and the curvature constant denoted by W′. Critical power (CP) is a theoretical power output that can be sustained indefinitely by an individual, and the curvature constant (W′) represents the amount of work that can be done above CP. Different methods and models have been validated to determine CP and W′, most of which are algebraic manipulations of the two-parameter model. The models yield different CP and W′ estimates for the same data depending on the regression fit and rounding off approximations. These estimates, at the subject level, have an inherent day-to-day variability called intra-individual variability (IIV) associated with them, which is not captured by any of the existing methods. This calls for a need for new methods to arrive at the IIV associated with CP and W′. Furthermore, existing models focus on the expenditure of W′ for efforts above CP and do not model its recovery in the sub-CP domain. Thus, there is a need for methods and models that account for (i) the IIV to measure the effectiveness of individual training prescriptions and (ii) the recovery of W′ to aid human performance optimization.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence in Radiology—Ethical Considerations

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian P. Brady ◽  
Emanuele Neri
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Substantial Benefit ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Way

Artificial intelligence (AI) is poised to change much about the way we practice radiology in the near future. The power of AI tools has the potential to offer substantial benefit to patients. Conversely, there are dangers inherent in the deployment of AI in radiology, if this is done without regard to possible ethical risks. Some ethical issues are obvious; others are less easily discerned, and less easily avoided. This paper explains some of the ethical difficulties of which we are presently aware, and some of the measures we may take to protect against misuse of AI.

Math Performance in Stressful Situations

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 339-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sian L. Beilock
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
High Stress ◽  
High Stakes Testing ◽  
Math Performance ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Testing Situation ◽  
Stressful Environment ◽  
Successful Execution ◽  
Math Problems

Whether because individuals are made aware of negative stereotypes about how they should perform or are in a high-stakes testing situation, a stressful environment can adversely affect the success people have in solving math problems. I review work examining how unwanted failure in math occurs and individual differences in those most likely to fail. This work suggests that a high-stress situation creates worries about the situation and its consequences that compete for the working memory (WM) normally available for performance. Consequently, the performance of individuals who rely most heavily on WM for successful execution (i.e., higher-WM individuals) is most likely to decline when the pressure is on.

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