Worlds Blown Apart, 1937–1949

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-70
Author(s):  
R. Keith Schoppa
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Ural Mountains ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Northeast Africa ◽  
The Way

The years 1937–1949 were a pandemic of global violence with Hitler, Mussolini, Togo, and Stalin leading the way. Each had goals that drove them. Hitler wanted to build an Aryan empire using land that stretched from Germany to the Ural Mountains as Lebensraum; and he wanted to destroy the Jews and others from whom he took offense. Mussolini wanted power and an empire in northeast Africa. Though Togo was not a ruler like the others, all Japanese leaders wanted to defeat and humiliate China and become the East Asian superpower. Stalin wanted to eliminate his enemies and to initiate military successes that would make the Soviet Union a major nation and prove that communism was a viable foundation for a state. Hitler, Mussolini, and Togo lost their wars; Stalin was an ally after Germany’s invasion of the Soviet Union. Hitler’s most heinous legacy was the Holocaust.

scholarly journals The Holodomor of 1932–33: How and Why?

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Stanislav Kulʹchytsʹkyi
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Joseph Stalin ◽  
Soviet State ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
The Way

The study of the Ukrainian Holodomor has reached a point where it is sufficiently voluminous that it is worthwhile to establish the core concepts and events vital to its thorough scholarly understanding.  This paper seeks to put forth one such possible outline.  It supports the position that the Holodomor is genocide; it rebuts arguments against this position; and it examines the way in which it differs from the Holocaust to which it is often compared.  By revealing the ideological and economic conditions of the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin, and the motivations of Stalin’s leadership and his desire to eliminate the threat of Ukrainian nationalism to the Soviet state, this paper shows how the Holodomor was made possible, and why it took the course it did, and that it was deliberate, and different from the All-Union famine that preceded it.  It briefly surveys the main sources upon which research on the topic relies and the major works pertinent to the development of scholarship on the Holodomor.  Once the necessary components for understanding the Holodomor are determined, a coherent and truthful narrative about it can be established and the false narratives that deny the deliberate nature of the famine can be revealed.

Singing Their Way Home

2020 ◽  
pp. 411-428
Author(s):  
Eliyana R. Adler
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
Human Spirit ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The Face ◽  
Polish Jews ◽  
The Many ◽  
Spiritual Resistance ◽  
The Way

This chapter analyzes the way wartime experiences were reflected in the songs of Polish Jews who escaped the Holocaust by fleeing to the Soviet Union. It introduces both the contours of the controversy and the broad outlines of what the Polish Jews went through during the war years. It also looks into the research about partisans and ghetto fighters that far outweighs their significance and their percentage of the Jewish population in Europe. The chapter investigates the hegemony of armed resistance by introducing the idea of “spiritual resistance,” which encompassed explicitly religious and other actions that raised the human spirit in the face of the Nazi effort to destroy it. It identifies singing as one of the many phenomena to describe spiritual resistance, which is considered an act that could have no possible effect on the war and yet allowed its victims to find the strength to continue living.

scholarly journals Calvary of the Germans in Hungary at the end of WWII

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Eleonóra Matkovits-Kretz
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
World War ◽  
Ural Mountains ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Forced Resettlement ◽  
Forced Labour

Abstract The German community in Hungary suffered many blows at the end of World War II and after it, on the basis of collective guilt. Immediately after the Red Army had marched in. gathering and deportation started into the camps of the Soviet Union, primarily into forced-labour camps in Donetsk, the Caucasus, and the Ural mountains. One third of them never returned. Those left behind had to face forced resettlement, the confiscation of their properties, and other ordeals. Their history was a taboo subject until the change of the political system in 1989. Not even until our days, by the 70th anniversary of the events, has their story reached a worthy place in national and international remembrance. International collaboration, the establishment of a research institute is needed to set to rights in history the story of the ordeal of the German community after World War II. for the present and future generations

Israel's Moment

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Herf
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
Jewish State ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Cold War

Israel's Moment is a major new account of how a Jewish state came to be forged in the shadow of World War Two and the Holocaust and the onset of the Cold War. Drawing on new research in government, public and private archives, Jeffrey Herf exposes the political realities that underpinned support for and opposition to Zionist aspirations in Palestine. In an unprecedented international account, he explores the role of the United States, the Arab States, the Palestine Arabs, the Zionists, and key European governments from Britain and France to the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia and Poland. His findings reveal a spectrum of support and opposition that stood in sharp contrast to the political coordinates that emerged during the Cold War, shedding new light on how and why the state of Israel was established in 1948 and challenging conventional associations of left and right, imperialism and anti-imperialism, and racism and anti-racism.

Jews in Poland and Russia: A Short History

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antony Polonsky
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Yiddish Literature ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Modern Hebrew ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

For many centuries Poland and Russia formed the heartland of the Jewish world: right up to the Second World War, the area was home to over 40 per cent of the world's Jews. Yet the history of their Jewish communities is not well known. This book recreates this lost world, beginning with Jewish economic, cultural and religious life, including the emergence of hasidism. By the late eighteenth century, other factors had come into play: with the onset of modernization there were government attempts to integrate and transform the Jews, and the stirrings of Enlightenment led to the growth of the Haskalah movement. The book looks at developments in each area in turn: the problems of emancipation, acculturation, and assimilation in Prussian and Austrian Poland; the politics of integration in the Kingdom of Poland; and the failure of forced integration in the tsarist empire. It shows how the deterioration in the position of the Jews between 1881 and 1914 encouraged a range of new movements as well as the emergence of modern Hebrew and Yiddish literature. It also examines Jewish urbanization and the rise of Jewish mass culture. The final part, starting from the First World War and the establishment of the Soviet Union, looks in turn at Poland, Lithuania, and the Soviet Union up to the Second World War. It reviews Polish–Jewish relations during the war and examines the Soviet record in relation to the Holocaust. The final chapters deal with the Jews in the Soviet Union and in Poland since 1945, concluding with an epilogue on the Jews in Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, and Russia since the collapse of communism.

Upside-Down History

2001 ◽  
pp. 377-380
Author(s):  
Jerzy Tomaszewski
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Holocaust

This chapter reviews an article by David Cymet, entitled ‘Polish State Antisemitism as a Major Factor Leading to the Holocaust’. The article was published in Britain in the Journal of Genocide Research. The chapter considers a number of peculiarities and mistakes present in the article. It questions the sources drawn by the article to expound its thesis. Moreover, the chapter analyses the article's thesis that the views and deeds of Polish antisemites influenced the Nazi policy of genocide in Germany, occupied Poland, and other countries. It argues that the German authorities in occupied Poland were not under the influence of Poles. Indeed, while there were rare cases of individual Polish politicians offering to co-operate with Germany against the Soviet Union, these proposals met with no response.

Recent Public Discourses on Anti-Jewish Violence in Moldovan History, 1991–2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-100
Author(s):  
Anastasia Felcher
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Local Media ◽  
Public Recognition ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Anti Jewish

Abstract Efforts to commemorate the victims of the 1903 Chişinǎu (Kishinev) pogrom and the Holocaust in Bessarabia and Transnistria have achieved varying degrees of success in the Republic of Moldova. Gaining public recognition for these experiences has proven a convoluted process. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the local Community has led an enduring memorialization campaign, which has steadily evolved with the shifting political climate. Though Community representatives have at times had a fraught relationship with Moldovan officials, they have continuously sought official acknowledgment of their efforts. This article analyzes how both the government and the Jewish Community have handled memory in public spaces and the local media of Chişinǎu.

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