What to Do About It

Author(s):  
Elizabeth R. DeSombre

This final chapter distills the book’s analysis into lessons—how to get good people to do good environmental things: Make the better environmental choice easier and cheaper than the alternatives. Avoid scaring or depressing people, or using guilt or shame. The best kind of information is procedural: show people how to do the things that will make an environmental difference. Behavior can change attitudes; get people to act in an environmental way and they are more likely to support environmental action. Willpower can be a depletable resource; make the preferred option automatic or habitual or obligatory, rather than a constant moral decision. Change the systems (social, economic, or legal) rather than the individuals. Recognize that people’s behavior happens for a reason. Find out what they are trying to accomplish, and figure out a way for that need or goal to be met in a less environmentally damaging way.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Tom Harrison ◽  
Brendan Richard Cullen ◽  
Dianne Elizabeth Mayberry ◽  
Annette Louise Cowie ◽  
Franco Bilotto ◽  
...  

Competition ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 221-236
Author(s):  
Stefan Arora-Jonsson ◽  
Nils Brunsson ◽  
Raimund Hasse ◽  
Katarina Lagerström

In this final chapter, we discuss how the preceding chapters illuminate some fundamental questions about competition. How is it constructed? How are the behaviours resulting from competition managed? What are the consequences of competition? How can competition be removed? And, how do these factors vary with the good people compete for? Our aim is to provide an outline of a social science research programme on competition that is long overdue. A central message of the book is that competition seems ubiquitous but that it should not be taken for granted or be naturalized as an inevitable aspect of human existence. Its emergence, maintenance, and change are often the result of intention and purposive efforts, and a central challenge for social science is to learn more about these developments.


Author(s):  
Sungmoon Kim

This final chapter emphasizes the critical importance of Confucian political theory’s acceptability to ordinary men and women actually living in East Asia, many of whom are not ready to accept or even actively reject the self-validating moral authority of Confucianism, while struggling with their public standing as “citizens.” It argues that the future of Confucian political theory hinges critically on its ability to furnish a normative framework by which to make sense of, critically reflect upon, and morally improve the ways in which Confucianism (its culture, philosophical ideas, and ethical beliefs) interacts with modern social, economic, and political norms and institutions. The consequence is a political theory that helps citizens in East Asia to mitigate various forms of contingences arising from the circumstances of modern politics, not by overcoming Confucianism but by means of its cultural resources and philosophical insights.


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