Liver Disorders

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190662677.003.0030 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Barry S. Levy

Keyword(s):

Occupational Exposure ◽

Vinyl Chloride ◽

Solid Waste Management ◽

Dietary Exposure ◽

Hepatitis E ◽

Vinyl Chloride Monomer ◽

Virus Infections ◽

Industrial Chemicals ◽

Liver Disorders ◽

Increased Risk

This chapter describes occupational and environmental liver disorders. It describes the types of liver function and types of liver damage, and how these functions and this damage can be assessed. Workers in healthcare and solid waste management are at increased risk hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections. Occupational exposure to swine is associated with hepatitis E virus infection. More than 100 industrial chemicals can be acutely hepatotoxic in experimental animals or humans. Metabolic reactions may affect the hepatotoxicity of chemicals. Occupational exposure to organic solvents can cause toxic hepatitis. Occupational exposure to vinyl chloride monomer has been causally associated with toxicant-associated fatty liver disease as well as a form of non-cirrhotic portal hypertension. Several agents can cause cancer of the liver or bile ducts. Vinyl chloride monomer is causally associated with angiosacoma of the liver. Arsenic causes liver cancer. Dietary exposure to aflatoxins can cause hepatoceulluar carcinoma.

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Liver angiosarcoma and hemangiopericytoma after occupational exposure to vinyl chloride monomer.

Environmental Health Perspectives ◽

10.1289/ehp.00108793 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 108 (8) ◽

pp. 793-795 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

I Hozo ◽

D Miric ◽

L Bojic ◽

L Giunio ◽

I Lusic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Occupational Exposure ◽

Vinyl Chloride ◽

Vinyl Chloride Monomer

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The long-term effects of occupational exposure to vinyl chloride monomer on microcirculation: a cross-sectional study 15 years after retirement

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002785 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. e002785 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Vincent Lopez ◽

Alain Chamoux ◽

Marion Tempier ◽

Hélène Thiel ◽

Sylvie Ughetto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Occupational Exposure ◽

Vinyl Chloride ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vinyl Chloride Monomer ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Cross Sectional

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Exploring a new method for the biological monitoring of plastic workers exposed to the vinyl chloride monomer

Toxicology and Industrial Health ◽

10.1177/0748233715596663 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 32 (12) ◽

pp. 1921-1926

Author(s):

Mansour Rezazadeh Azari ◽

Raana Tayefeh-Rahimian ◽

Mohamad Javad Jafari ◽

Hamid Souri ◽

Yasser Shokoohi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Occupational Exposure ◽

Biological Monitoring ◽

Vinyl Chloride ◽

Occupational Safety ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Threshold Limit Value ◽

Exhaled Breath ◽

Vinyl Chloride Monomer ◽

Manufacturing Plants ◽

Limit Value

Vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) is widely used in the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics. VCM is recognized as a confirmed human and animal carcinogenic compound. Recent studies have reported poor health of plastic workers, even having exposure at concentrations below the permissible limit to VCM. There has not been any study regarding exposed workers to VCM in Iran. Similarly, no information exists as to the biological monitoring of such workers. The main purpose of this study was to conduct a thorough occupational and biological monitoring of Iranian plastic workers exposed to VCM. A total of 100 workers from two plastic manufacturing plants (A and B) in Tehran along with 25 unexposed workers as controls were studied. The personal monitoring of all nonsmoking workers exposed to VCM at two plastic manufacturing plants (A and B) was performed in the morning shift (8 a.m. to 4 p.m.) according to the National Institute For Occupational Safety And Health method no. 1007. Biological monitoring of workers was carried out through collection of exhaled breath of all exposed and control workers in Tedlar bags and with a subsequent analysis using gas chromatography–flame ionization detector. Not only the mean occupational exposure of workers to VCM at plant A was higher than the respective threshold limit value but also the statistical significance was higher than workers at plant B. Similarly, VCM concentration in exhaled breath of workers at plant A was also statistically significantly higher than at plant B. Correlation of occupational exposure of all workers to vinyl chloride with its concentration in exhaled breath was statistically significant. This is the first study on biological monitoring for exposed plastic workers to VCM using exhaled breath. On the basis of the results in this study, a novel method of biological monitoring of plastic workers was proposed.

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Relative Lymphocytosis-Disorder Caused by Occupational Exposure to Vinyl Chloride Monomer

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology ◽

10.1007/s001289900801 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 61 (5) ◽

pp. 583-590

Author(s):

A. Fu &#41 i &#39 ◽

Z. &#120 pacir ◽

D. Barkovi &#39 ◽

A. Jazbec ◽

A. Miji &#39 ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Occupational Exposure ◽

Vinyl Chloride ◽

Vinyl Chloride Monomer

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The sensitivity of the micronucleus assay for the detection of occupational exposure to vinyl chloride monomer

Mutation Research Letters ◽

10.1016/0165-7992(94)90001-9 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 325 (2-3) ◽

pp. 53-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Aleksandra Fučić ◽

Verica Garaj-Vrhovac ◽

Danica Barković ◽

Dragan Kubelka

Keyword(s):

Occupational Exposure ◽

Vinyl Chloride ◽

Micronucleus Assay ◽

Vinyl Chloride Monomer

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Hepatitis E virus infection in North Italy: high seroprevalence in swine herds and increased risk for swine workers

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268817002485 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 145 (16) ◽

pp. 3375-3384 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

L. MUGHINI-GRAS ◽

G. ANGELONI ◽

C. SALATA ◽

N. VONESCH ◽

W. D'AMICO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Occupational Exposure ◽

Hepatitis E Virus ◽

Hepatitis E ◽

Bile Sample ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

Swine Workers ◽

Occupationally Exposed ◽

Comparison Groups ◽

Swine Herds

SUMMARYWe determined the hepatitis E virus (HEV) seroprevalence and detection rate in commercial swine herds in Italy's utmost pig-rich area, and assessed HEV seropositivity risk in humans as a function of occupational exposure to pigs, diet, foreign travel, medical history and hunting activities. During 2011–2014, 2700 sera from 300 swine herds were tested for anti-HEV IgG. HEV RNA was searched in 959 faecal pools from HEV-seropositive herds and in liver/bile/muscle samples from 179 pigs from HEV-positive herds. A cohort study of HEV seropositivity in swine workers (n = 149) was also performed using two comparison groups of people unexposed to swine: omnivores (n = 121) and vegetarians/vegans (n = 115). Herd-level seroprevalence was 75·6% and was highest in farrow-to-feeder herds (81·6%). Twenty-six out of 105 (24·8%) herds had HEV-positive faecal samples (25 HEV-3, one HEV-4). Only one bile sample tested positive. HEV seropositivity was 12·3% in swine workers, 0·9% in omnivores and 3·0% in vegetarians/vegans. Factors significantly associated with HEV seropositivity were occupational exposure to pigs, travel to Africa and increased swine workers’ age. We concluded that HEV is widespread in Italian swine herds and HEV-4 circulation is alarming given its pathogenicity, with those occupationally exposed to pigs being at increased risk of HEV seropositivity.

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