Exploring a new method for the biological monitoring of plastic workers exposed to the vinyl chloride monomer

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 1921-1926
Author(s):  
Mansour Rezazadeh Azari ◽  
Raana Tayefeh-Rahimian ◽  
Mohamad Javad Jafari ◽  
Hamid Souri ◽  
Yasser Shokoohi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Biological Monitoring ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Threshold Limit Value ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Vinyl Chloride Monomer ◽  
Manufacturing Plants ◽  
Limit Value

Vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) is widely used in the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics. VCM is recognized as a confirmed human and animal carcinogenic compound. Recent studies have reported poor health of plastic workers, even having exposure at concentrations below the permissible limit to VCM. There has not been any study regarding exposed workers to VCM in Iran. Similarly, no information exists as to the biological monitoring of such workers. The main purpose of this study was to conduct a thorough occupational and biological monitoring of Iranian plastic workers exposed to VCM. A total of 100 workers from two plastic manufacturing plants (A and B) in Tehran along with 25 unexposed workers as controls were studied. The personal monitoring of all nonsmoking workers exposed to VCM at two plastic manufacturing plants (A and B) was performed in the morning shift (8 a.m. to 4 p.m.) according to the National Institute For Occupational Safety And Health method no. 1007. Biological monitoring of workers was carried out through collection of exhaled breath of all exposed and control workers in Tedlar bags and with a subsequent analysis using gas chromatography–flame ionization detector. Not only the mean occupational exposure of workers to VCM at plant A was higher than the respective threshold limit value but also the statistical significance was higher than workers at plant B. Similarly, VCM concentration in exhaled breath of workers at plant A was also statistically significantly higher than at plant B. Correlation of occupational exposure of all workers to vinyl chloride with its concentration in exhaled breath was statistically significant. This is the first study on biological monitoring for exposed plastic workers to VCM using exhaled breath. On the basis of the results in this study, a novel method of biological monitoring of plastic workers was proposed.

Liver Disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry S. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Vinyl Chloride Monomer ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Industrial Chemicals ◽  
Liver Disorders ◽  
Increased Risk

This chapter describes occupational and environmental liver disorders. It describes the types of liver function and types of liver damage, and how these functions and this damage can be assessed. Workers in healthcare and solid waste management are at increased risk hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections. Occupational exposure to swine is associated with hepatitis E virus infection. More than 100 industrial chemicals can be acutely hepatotoxic in experimental animals or humans. Metabolic reactions may affect the hepatotoxicity of chemicals. Occupational exposure to organic solvents can cause toxic hepatitis. Occupational exposure to vinyl chloride monomer has been causally associated with toxicant-associated fatty liver disease as well as a form of non-cirrhotic portal hypertension. Several agents can cause cancer of the liver or bile ducts. Vinyl chloride monomer is causally associated with angiosacoma of the liver. Arsenic causes liver cancer. Dietary exposure to aflatoxins can cause hepatoceulluar carcinoma.

scholarly journals Liver angiosarcoma and hemangiopericytoma after occupational exposure to vinyl chloride monomer.

2000 ◽  
Vol 108 (8) ◽  
pp. 793-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Hozo ◽  
D Miric ◽  
L Bojic ◽  
L Giunio ◽  
I Lusic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Vinyl Chloride Monomer

scholarly journals Effect of 1,6-Hexamethylene Diisocyanate Exposure on Peak Flowmetry in Automobile Paint Shop Workers in Iran

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyamak Pourabedian ◽  
Abdullah Barkhordari ◽  
Ehsanallah Habibi ◽  
Masoud Rismanchiyan ◽  
Mohsen Zare
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Threshold Limit Value ◽  
Hexamethylene Diisocyanate ◽  
Paint Shop ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Automobile Body ◽  
Flow Inhalation ◽  
Expiratory Flow

Effect of 1,6-Hexamethylene Diisocyanate Exposure on Peak Flowmetry in Automobile Paint Shop Workers in IranThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of occupational exposure to 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) on peak flowmetry in automobile body paint shop workers in Iran. We studied a population of 43 car painters exposed to HDI at their workplaces. Peak expiratory flow was tested for one working week, from the start to the end of each shift. Air was sampled and HDI analysed in parallel, according to the OSHA 42 method.Daily and weekly HDI exposure averages were (0.42±0.1) mg m-3 and (0.13±0.05) mg m-3, respectively.On painting days, 72 % of workers showed more than a 10 % variation in peak expiratory flow. Inhalation exposure exceeded the threshold limit value (TLV) ten times over. This strongly suggests that HDI affected the peak flowmetry in the studied workers.

scholarly journals The long-term effects of occupational exposure to vinyl chloride monomer on microcirculation: a cross-sectional study 15 years after retirement

BMJ Open ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. e002785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Lopez ◽  
Alain Chamoux ◽  
Marion Tempier ◽  
Hélène Thiel ◽  
Sylvie Ughetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vinyl Chloride Monomer ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional

Relative Lymphocytosis-Disorder Caused by Occupational Exposure to Vinyl Chloride Monomer

1998 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 583-590
Author(s):  
A. Fu &#41 i &#39 ◽  
Z. &#120 pacir ◽  
D. Barkovi &#39 ◽  
A. Jazbec ◽  
A. Miji &#39 ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Vinyl Chloride Monomer

Phosphine Electrochemical Sensor Using Gold-Deposited Polytetrafluoroethylene Membrane

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 5654-5657
Author(s):  
Chang-Yeoul Kim ◽  
Hyo-Hee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Electrochemical Sensor ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Electrochemical Cell ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Threshold Limit Value ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Working Electrode ◽  
Au Thin Film

Phosphine gas is a toxic and flammable gas, which are useful dopant in the semiconducting industry. OSAH (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) regulates the threshold limit value as 0.3 ppm. To detect phosphine gas, an electrochemical sensor cell using gold as a working electrode is available. In this paper, we prepared Au thin film electrode on porous PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) membrane by using d.c. sputtering machine. Au thin film deposited on PTFE membrane for 300 s showed the thickness about 220 nm and electrical resistance between 5 and 10 ohm. We adopted this Au thin film as a working electrode and reference electrode. The sensitivity of the electrochemical cell is about 3000 nA/ppm for phosphine gas. Using Cottrell equation and COMSOL program, we simulated the diffusion coefficient of phosphine gas within the electrochemical cell, which showed the value of 1.21×10−7 m2/s.

Biological Monitoring of Occupational Exposure to Isoflurane by Measurement of Isoflurane Exhaled Breath

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia Prado ◽  
J. Antonio Tortosa ◽  
Isidro Ibarra ◽  
Aurelio Luna ◽  
J. Francisco Periago
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Biological Monitoring ◽  
Exhaled Breath

The sensitivity of the micronucleus assay for the detection of occupational exposure to vinyl chloride monomer

1994 ◽  
Vol 325 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 53-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Fučić ◽  
Verica Garaj-Vrhovac ◽  
Danica Barković ◽  
Dragan Kubelka
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Micronucleus Assay ◽  
Vinyl Chloride Monomer

scholarly journals Assessment of Occupational Exposure to Indium Dust for Indium-Tin-Oxide Manufacturing Workers

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
Boo Wook Kim ◽  
Wonseok Cha ◽  
Sungwon Choi ◽  
Jungah Shin ◽  
Byung-Soon Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Threshold Limit Value ◽  
Respirable Dust ◽  
Breathing Zone ◽  
Indium Concentration ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
First Case

According to recent research, indium nanoparticles (NPs) are more toxic than micro-sized particles. While cases of indium lung disease have been reported worldwide, very little research has been conducted on the occupational exposure to indium NPs. Recently, an indium-related lung disease was reported in Korea, a global powerhouse for display manufacturing. In this study, we conducted an assessment ofoccupational exposure at an indium tin oxide (ITO) powder manufacturing plant, where the first case of indium lung disease in Korea occurred. Airborne dustwas obtained from a worker’s breathing zone, and area sampling in the workplace environment was conducted using real-time monitoring devices. Personal samples were analyzed for the indium concentrations in total dust, respirable dust fraction, and NPs using personal NPs respiratory deposition samplers. The total indium concentration of the personal samples was lower than the threshold limit value recommended by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH TLV), which was set as occupational exposure limit (OEL). However, the respirable indium concentration exceeded the recently set ACGIH TLV for the respirable fraction of indium dust. The concentration of indium NPs ranged between 0.003 and 0.010 × 10−2 mg/m3, accounting for only 0.4% of the total and 2.7% of the respirable indium particles. This was attributed to the aggregating of NPs at the µm sub-level. Given the extremely low fraction of indium NPs in the total and respirable dust, the current OEL values, set as the total and respirable indium concentrations, do not holistically represent the occupational exposure to indium NPs or prevent health hazards. Therefore, it is necessary to set separate OEL values for indium NPs. This study covers only the process of handling ITO powder. Therefore, follow-up studies need to be conducted on other ITO sputtering target polishing and milling processes, which typically generate more airborne NPs, to further investigate the effects of indium on workers and facilitate the necessary implementation of indium-reducing technologies.

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