Critical Thinking and the Intellectual Virtues

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Character Traits ◽  
Habits Of Mind ◽  
Intellectual Virtues

In this chapter I address four (clusters of) questions: (1) Are the dispositions, habits of mind, and character traits constitutive of the “critical spirit” rightly conceived as intellectual virtues? What is gained and/or lost by so conceiving them? (2) Do the intellectual virtues include abilities as well as dispositions, or should we maintain the distinction, embraced by many accounts of critical thinking, between abilities of reason assessment and the critical spirit? (3) Should we be externalists/reliabilists or responsibilists with respect to the intellectual virtues? (4) What is the connection between virtue and reason? Is a virtuous intellect eo ipso a rational one? I will argue that a virtuous intellect is not necessarily a rational one, and that in addition to the intellectual virtues, rational abilities—those captured by the reason assessment component of critical thinking—are required.

Strategic Leadership

2017 ◽  
pp. 1623-1636
Author(s):  
Linda Ellington
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Management ◽  
Strategic Leadership ◽  
Habits Of Mind ◽  
Intellectual Virtues ◽  
Management And Leadership

In this chapter, I introduce my probing inquisitiveness into the connection between organic intellect and strategic leadership. I am an advocate of organic practices and intellectual virtues which include integrity, humility, empathy, and fairmindedness. There is enthusiasm which has come to embrace organic intellect as a central leitmotif of strategic leadership; thus, the purpose of this chapter is to neatly articulate the basic idea and the value attached to organic intellect as it relates to strategic management and leadership. Given the importance of the virtues, this chapter has the intention to include a set of intellectual qualities and habits of mind, which I refer to as the overall disposition of an organic intellect.

Intellectual Virtues and Vices

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-47
Author(s):  
Alessandra Tanesini
Keyword(s):  
Impression Management ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Character Traits ◽  
Thinking Styles ◽  
Intellectual Virtues ◽  
Epistemic Agency ◽  
Philosophical Foundations

This chapter sets out the philosophical foundations of the proposed account of virtues and vices of intellectual self-appraisal. It explains the nature of intellectual vices in general by distinguishing between sensibilities, thinking styles, and character traits. Subsequently, it describes the specific features of the epistemic vices of self-appraisal. The chapter supplies an account of what makes epistemic vices vicious, and argues in favour of a motivational view. In the author’s view the vices of intellectual self-appraisal are impairments of epistemic agency caused by motivations, such as those of self-enhancement or impression management, that also bring other epistemically bad motives in their trail. Such motivations bias epistemic evaluations of one’s cognitive abilities, processes, and states. These appraisals, in turn, have widespread negative influences on agents’ epistemic conduct as a whole.

Exploring the Delphi Report's Critical Thinking Framework for Military School Educationists

2021 ◽  
pp. 265-280
Author(s):  
Frank G. Giuseffi
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Instructional Strategies ◽  
Educational Experiences ◽  
Leadership Skills ◽  
Learning Experiences ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
Character Traits ◽  
Military Colleges ◽  
Military School

This chapter advances the argument that military colleges and universities should infuse and implement critical thinking in learning experiences to explore and develop values, character traits, and leadership skills in students (cadets). The chapter first surveys the literature concerning critical thinking, drawing from historical, philosophical, psychological, and educational evidence. The chapter then elucidates the Delphi Report's findings about CT and contends that military school educationists use the report as a guide for instructional strategies and educational experiences with students (cadets). By embracing the fundamentals of critical thinking through several perspectives and leveraging the elements of CT identified in the Delphi Report, military colleges and universities can initiate a renewed interest in leveraging the advantages of CT in their courses, offering students opportunities to become capable officers, productive citizens, and moral people.

Virtue

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Baehr
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Virtue ◽  
Character Traits ◽  
Intellectual Virtues ◽  
Intellectual Humility ◽  
Human Psychology ◽  
Knowledge Of God ◽  
Transmission Of Knowledge

Intellectual virtues are character traits that facilitate the acquisition and transmission of knowledge and related epistemic goods. This chapter takes up the question of which traits are intellectual virtues in relation to a particular variety of knowledge; namely, knowledge of God. It is argued that moral humility (as distinct from intellectual humility) is an intellectual virtue in this context. This account of moral humility and its epistemically salutary effects is sketched against the backdrop of an account of human pride and the obstacles such pride poses to the acquisition of theistic knowledge. Finally, an objection is considered according to which, owing to other features of human psychology, moral humility may in fact be an intellectual vice in this context.

scholarly journals Educating for Intellectual Virtue: A Critique from Action Guidance

Episteme ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Kotzee ◽  
J. Adam Carter ◽  
Harvey Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Virtue Epistemology ◽  
Philosophy Of Education ◽  
Intellectual Virtue ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Intellectual Virtues ◽  
Effective Pedagogy ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Action Guidance ◽  
Pedagogical Challenge

Abstract Virtue epistemology is among the dominant influences in mainstream epistemology today. An important commitment of one strand of virtue epistemology – responsibilist virtue epistemology – is that it must provide regulative normative guidance for good thinking. Recently, a number of virtue epistemologists (most notably Baehr) have held that virtue epistemology not only can provide regulative normative guidance, but moreover that we should reconceive the primary epistemic aim of all education as the inculcation of the intellectual virtues. Baehr's picture contrasts with another well-known position – that the primary aim of education is the promotion of critical thinking. In this paper – that we hold makes a contribution to both philosophy of education and epistemology and, a fortiori, epistemology of education – we challenge this picture. We outline three criteria that any putative aim of education must meet and hold that it is the aim of critical thinking, rather than the aim of instilling intellectual virtue, that best meets these criteria. On this basis, we propose a new challenge for intellectual virtue epistemology, next to the well-known empirically driven ‘situationist challenge’. What we call the ‘pedagogical challenge’ maintains that the intellectual virtues approach does not have available a suitably effective pedagogy to qualify the acquisition of intellectual virtue as the primary aim of education. This is because the pedagogic model of the intellectual virtues approach (borrowed largely from exemplarist thinking) is not properly action-guiding. Instead, we hold that, without much further development in virtue-based theory, logic and critical thinking must still play the primary role in the epistemology of education.

scholarly journals PERKEMBANGAN HABITS OF MIND MAHASISWA SELAMA MENGIKUTI PERKULIAHAN KEANEKARAGAMAN TUMBUHAN DENGAN PROGRAM PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI BERORIENTASI ENTREPRENEURSHIP

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Muhammad Syaipul Hayat ◽  
Nuryani Y. Rustaman ◽  
Adi Rahmat ◽  
Sri Redjeki
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Habits Of Mind

Pembelajaran biologi harus mampu bertransformasi tidak hanya sekedar menjadikan konten biologi sebagai pengetahuan, akan tetapi mampu mengoptimalkan potensi dari konten tersebut untuk dimanfaatkan dalam kehidupan dunia nyata. Untuk mengakomodasi tujuan tersebut pembelajaran harus berorientasi pada masa yang akan datang secara berkelanjutan (lifelong learning). Oleh karenanya, pada makalah ini penulis mengkaji hasil penelitian tentang perkembangan lifelong learning mahasiswa, khususnya Habits of mind selama mengikuti perkuliahan Keanekaragaman Tumbuhan dengan program pembelajaran inkuiri berorientasi entrepreneurship. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada mahasiswa semester V Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi di salah satu LPTK di Jawa Tengah, dengan jumlah sampel 31 orang. Data dijaring dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan lembar observasi dalam bentuk rubrik Habits of mind yang diadaptasi dari framework lifelong learning Marzano. Ada delapan item pada rubrik tersebut yang merepresentasikan data tentang Habits of mind yang terdiri dari tiga aspek, yaitu: self regulation, critical thinking, dan creative thinking. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa skor rata-rata Habits of mind mahasiswa mengalami perkembangan, yaitu data yang dihimpun sebelum diberikan program adalah 2,68; dan data setelah diberikan program adalah 3,28 dari skor total 4,00. Data tersebut diperkuat dengan hasil temuan pada kegiatan observasi selama proses pembelajaran. Secara rata-rata Habits of mind mahasiswa berdasarkan hasil observasi menunjukkan perkembangan pada setiap tahapnya, yaitu tahap I (2,23), tahap II (2,58), tahap III (3,18), dan tahap IV (3,55). Demikian juga dengan data perkembangan Habits of mind yang ditunjukkan pada setiap aspeknya, ketiga aspek menunjukkan perkembangan secara signifikan. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa program pembelajaran inkuiri berorientasi entrepreneurship yang diterapkan pada mata kuliah Keanekaragaman Tumbuhan dapat mengembangkan Habits of mind mahasiswa dengan baik.Keywords: habits of mind, inkuiri, entrepreneurship, keanekaragaman tumbuhan

scholarly journals Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematis serta Habits Of Mind Menggunakan Model Inquiry Learning dan Model Creative Problem Solving

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-106
Author(s):  
Samsul Nurdiansyah ◽  
Rostina Sundayana ◽  
Teni Sritresna
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Inquiry Learning ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Critical Thinking Skills ◽  
Habits Of Mind ◽  
Creative Problem Solving ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Creative Problem

AbstrakKemampuan berpikir kritis matematis dan Habits of Mind merupakan salah satu kemampuan dasar yang harus dimiliki oleh siswa. Fakta menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis dan Habits of Mind siswa masih rendah. Diperlukan upaya untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis dan Habits of Mind siswa salah satunya menggunakan model Inquiry Learning dan model pembelajaran Creative Problem Solving. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis perbedaan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis dan Habits of Mind antara siswa yang mendapatkan model Inquiry Learning dengan Creative Problem Solving. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuasi eksperimen dengan populasi seluruh siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 11 Garut. Sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak dua kelas yaitu kelas X-MIPA 5 sebanyak 35 siswa sebagai kelas eksperimen I yang mendapat model Inquiry Learning dan kelas  X-MIPA 6 sebanyak 35 siswa sebagai kelas eksperimen II yang mendapat model pembelajaran Creative Problem Solving. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan berupa tes uraian dan angket skala Likert. Berdasarkan hasil analisis secara statistik diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa terdapat perbedaan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis dan Habits of Mind antara siswa yang mendapatkan model Inquiry Learning dengan Creative Problem Solving. Untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis dan Habits of Mind, model Inquiry Learning cocok digunakan. Mathematics Critical Thinking Ability And Habits Of Mind Using Inquiry Learning Model And Creative Problem Solving ModelAbstractMathematical Critical Thinking Skills and Habits of Mind are some of the basic abilities that students must have. The fact shows that the Mathematical Critical Thinking Skills and Habits of Mind are still low. Efforts are needed to improve the Mathematical Critical Thinking Skills and Habits of Mind, one of them using Inquiry Learning and Creative Problem Solving learning. The purpose of this research was to analyze the differences in Mathematical Critical Thinking Skills and Habits of Mind between students who get the Inquiry Learning model with Creative Problem Solving. The research method used a quasi-experimental with a population of all class X of SMAN 11 Garut. The sample consisted of two classes, class X Science 5 by 35 students as the first experimental class, which got Inquiry Learning model, and class X Science 6 by 35 students as the second experimental class which got Creative Problem-Solving learning model. The research instrument used a description test and a Likert scale questionnaire. Based on the results of statistical analysis, it is found that there are differences in Mathematical Critical Thinking Skills and Habits of Mind between students who get the Inquiry Learning model with Creative Problem Solving. To improve mathematical critical thinking skills and Habits of Mind, the Inquiry Learning model is suitable.

scholarly journals EFL STUDENTS’ ATTITUDE TO CRITICAL READING

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-96
Author(s):  
Nataliia Hromova
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Reading Instruction ◽  
Reading Skills ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Critical Thinking Skills ◽  
Habits Of Mind ◽  
Critical Reading ◽  
Intermediate Students ◽  
English Classes ◽  
General Importance

. Critical thinking skills are one of the key requirements for a modern specialist in the professional world nowadays. Applying critical thinking while reading texts must become the essential approach to dealing with information. This study focuses on an exploratory investigation of the students’ attitude to critical reading tasks at the English classes. The present survey aims at exploring low-intermediate students’ attitude to critical reading assignments used at the English classes. The main tasks are the following: 1) to carry out a survey on students’ attitude towards critical reading and critical reading instruction at university; 2) to test the students’ critical reading skills; 3) to interview the students on their assessment of the reading tasks to identify the habits of mind available to develop their critical reading skills. The data were collected from the students’ questionnaire, the critical reading test and the students’ interviews. The findings support the results of the foreign researchers’ surveys about the lack of curiosity, relevant habits of mind and the majority of textbooks containing factual tasks which hinder the development of the readers’ critical attitude to information. Although the students admitted the general importance of critical reading, they did not seem to understand the essence of these skills and showed indifference to critical reading tasks during the second and third stages of the experiment. Thus, the prospects of the further research aim at designing and implementation of a reading English texts program for university low-intermediate students which could involve more critical reading assignments to promote critical habits of mind.

scholarly journals Improving Mathematical Critical Thinking and Habits Of Mind To Students in Elementary School

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Maratun Nafiah ◽  
Zulela MS ◽  
Arita Marini
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Critical Thinking Skills ◽  
Habits Of Mind ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Field Note ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Achievement Indicators

This study aims to improve mathematical critical thinking and habits of mind through the application the RAVE-CCC (Read, Attend, Visualize, Estimate, Choice, Calculate, Check) strategy for six grade students of Elementary School. This study uses Classroom Action Research method. The research design used Kemmis and Mc Taggart's model. The research data were collected using field note techniques, interviews, observations, and mathematical critical thinking test  and habits of mind questionnaires. The results of this study indicate that, tests of students' mathematical critical thinking show increasing trend in each cycle. In the first cycle, the percentage of students who completed their scores with mathematical critical thinking skills was 70.83% which increases in the second cycle to 83.33%. The percentage of teachers and students activity in each cycle has increased. In the first cycle, the percentage of achievement indicators was 78.57%, in the second cycle, increased to 89.28%. The active participation of all students in the first cycle was 76.19% and in the second cycle increased to 87.5%. As for habits of mind, the percentage in the first cycle and second cycle also increased. In the first cycle the average percentage of students who showed a positive habits of mind was 66.66%, in the second cycle increased to 83.33%. Thus, it can be concluded that the adoption of the RAVE-CCC strategy can improve mathematical critical thinking and habits of mind.

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