An Analysis of Sasak Language Maintenance and Shift in Sumbawa: A Case Study at Surya Bhakti Neighbourhood in Sumbawa Regency

This research aimed to investigate the Sasak language maintenance and shift of Sasak people in Surya Bhakti neighborhood. This research was Qualitative descriptive method was employed in analyzing the data. There were 40 participants divided into young generation participants and old generation participants. There are 20 participants of the young generations that consist of 16 males and 4 females, while 20 participants of the old generation participants consist of 18 males and 2 females. Three techniques were employed to collect the data: observation, interview, and documentation. Observation and interviews serve as primary data sources. Meanwhile, documentation serves as the secondary one. The process of the interview was recorded. Meanwhile, a field note was used during the observation. Documents or documentation were used to complete the data findings from the observation and interview and take some pictures in the research area. Thus, all data from observation, interview, and documentation were analyzed. The research results show that Sasak people, both young and old generation participants, are proud of their language and cultural identity. The young generation participants maintain the Sasak language in Surya Bhakti neighborhood. In addition, the young generation participants have the proficiency in speaking Sasak language fluently and accurately than Sumbawanese. Furthermore, the data indicate that the old generations of Sasak people in Surya Bhakti neighborhood are more likely to use Sasak language than Sumbawanese when communicating daily with Sasak people in their community, even in their community outside of the neighborhood.

FUNGSI ADJEKTIVA KOMPARATIF DALAM BAHASA MADURA DIALEK KANGEAN DAN DAMPAKNYA BAGI MASYARAKAT KANGEAN: KAJIAN PRAGMATIK [The Function of Comparative Adjectives in Kangean Dialect of Madurese Language and its Impact]

Comparative adjectives of Kangean Dialect of Madurese Language (KDML) are the basic adjectives that has A+D+(-an) stucture or lebbi. This study explored the function of comparative adjectives in KDML and its impact for the Kangean community. The theories used to explore and determine the comparative adjective function are descriptive and pragmatic theories. The research is a qualitative research. The method used in this research is the participatory observation method. The data were obtained from interviews with the dialect speakers by voice recording and field note-taking. Besides, researchers used the introspectiveve method (reflective-introspection method). The data that has been collected were transcribed into written form of orthographic transcription, then translated and classified according to its function. The method applied for analyzing the data are equivalent and distributional method. Meanwhile, the methods used for displaying the results of data analysis are informal and formal steps. The results showed that in KDML, there are several functions of comparative adjectives, namely to motivate, praise, admonish, command, insinuate, advise, criticize and accuse. Meanwhile, the impact of adjective utterances, people become more optimistic, comfortable, easy to appreciate, entertained, strong, cautious, deterred, and humble. Adjektiva komparatif bahasa Madura dialek Kangean (BMDK) merupakan adjektiva dasar yang memiliki struktur A+D+(-an) atau lebbi. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi fungsi adjektiva komparatif dalam BMDK dan dampaknya bagi komunitas Kangean. Teori yang digunakan untuk menggali dan menentukan fungsi adjektiva komparatif adalah teori deskriptif dan pragmatik. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode observasi partisipatif. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan penutur dialek Kangean melalui rekaman dan catatan lapangan. Selain itu, peneliti menggunakan metode introspektif (metode reflektif-introspekturis). Data yang sudah terkumpul ditranskrip ke dalam bentuk tulisan dengan transkripsi ortografis, kemudian diterjemahkan dan diklasifikasikan sesuai fungsinya. Metode yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data adalah metode ekuivalen dan metode agih dan metode yang digunakan untuk menampilkan hasil analisis data adalah langkah-langkah formal dan nonformal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam BMDK terdapat beberapa fungsi adjektiva komparatif yakni untuk memotivasi, memuji, menegur, memerintah, menyindir, menasihati, mencela dan menuduh. Sedangkan dampaknya adalah masyarakat lebih optimis, peka, mudah menghargai, terhibur, kuat, berhati-hati, jera, dan rendah diri.

Prinsip Kesantunan Ujaran Berbahasa dalam Interaksi Siswa Sekolah Dasar

<p><strong>Abstract:</strong> This research aims to describe impositive act (Requesting, asking, ruling and rejecting), the politeness in language and politeness principle that is used by the student in their interaction. The data collecion process uses recording techniques to get recording data when research is being run. The researcher also uses interview technique to ensure and give valid data. Transcript of recording, Interview result and field note are the data of research. Research data resource is taken from the student, teacher, and parents. The result of observation shows that there are four politeness principle. They are kurmat maxim or respect, andhap ashor maxim or humble, <em>empan papan</em> maxim or aware of the place, <em>tepa selira</em> maxim or tolerance maxim.</p><strong>Abstrak:<em> </em></strong>Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mendeskripsikan tindak impositif (meminta, bertanya memerintah dan menolak) kesantunan berbahasa, serta prinsip kesantunan dalam interaksi siswa. Proses pengumpulan data menggunakan, alat bantu <em>recorder </em>untuk mengambil data rekaman saat kegiatan penelitian, serta menggunakan teknik wawancara untuk memastikan dan memberikan hasil yang valid. Data penelitian ialah transkrip rekaman, hasil wawancara serta catatan lapangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan sumber data melalui siswa, guru, dan orangtua. Hasil yang telah diteliti mendapatkan empat prinsip tindak ujar kesantunan dalam berbahasa, yakni maksim <em>kurmat </em>atau hormat, maksim <em>andhap asor </em>atau rendah hati, maksim <em>empan papan </em>atau sadar akan tempat, dan maksim <em>tepa selira </em>atau tenggang rasa.

Diversity of cave-dwelling bats in Leang Londrong, Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park: An initial field note

Leang Londrong is one the caves in Maros-Pangkep Karst Formation utilized for nature tourism and has become a habitat for bats. Little is known on the bats inhabited the cave. Therefore, this study is aimed to investigate the diversity, abundance, morphometric of cave-dwelling bats in Leang Londrong, Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park as well as their distribution of roosting sites and micro-climate conditions between May-June 2021. The bats were trapped and collected by using two-layered mist nets erected in front of cave entrance. With captured-marked-recaptured (CMR) method, bat diversity, abundance, and morphometric, were examined. Direct measurements on roosting sites were employed to determine micro-climate conditions. There were 3 species of Microchiropteran bats found in the site namely Rhinolophus arcuatus, Hipposideros diadema and Myotis sp. Total number of all bats trapped in the net during the observation days was 10 individuals. The largest bat species found living in the cave was Hipposideros diadema (average body length of 101.1 mm; tail of 51.46 mm; ear 24.5 mm; forearm length of 96.12 mm; tibia length of 34.6 mm; hind foot of 14.32 mm; and 63.75 g of weight). Meanwhile, Myotis sp. was known to be the smallest. For micro-climate conditions, the five roosting sites inside the cave had the average temperature of 26.58°C (range: 26.2-27.3) with the humidity in average around 92.88% (range 89.6-93.8%), while the average light intensity was found to be 0 lx in each roost with the noise level recorded in average of 65.08 dB.

The Implementation of Collaborative Writing Technique to Improve Students’ Writing Performance and Soft Skill

The purpose of this study was to look into the use of collaborative writing techniques to help higher secondary students enhance their writing skills and soft skills. This was done based on the findings of earlier studies that showed the effectiveness of collaborative writing techniques in increasing students' writing abilities and soft skills development. Students in Grade 10 at Sekolah Tunas Bangsa Kubu Raya participated in the study, which used a mixed-methods research methodology. For qualitative data, an observation checklist and field note was used, while for quantitative data, a questionnaire and writing tasks were used. The researchers discovered that collaborative writing was effective in improving students' writing proficiency and soft skills after they evaluated and calculated the data. (1) improvements in writing task mean scores from 78.67 in Meeting 1 to 87.13 in Meeting 3; (2) students' responses on a questionnaire about their writing ability and soft skills reached 92 percent in elaborating ideas and 93 percent in gaining self-esteem and confidence; (3) improvements in observation checklists that were performed excellently (scale 4) by the observers on the third meeting; and (4) the note taker's complimentary comments on the field notes about the pupils' writing abilities and soft skills As a result of this data, it is suggested that collaborative writing techniques be used with higher secondary students to improve both writing performance and soft skills.

Modalitas sebagai fitur lingual praktik kuasa dalam komunitas pedofilia

Kemunculan modalitas sebagai fitur lingual yang menunjukkan praktik kuasa pelaku kejahatan dalam komunitas pedofilia terhadap proposisi yang mereka tuturkan atau sikap terhadap pendengar. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengungkapkan praktik kuasa pelaku kejahatan dalam komunitas pedofilia melalui modalitas. Sesuai dengan tujuan tersebut, penelitian ini adalah analisis wacana kritis. Data penelitian ini berupa kata yang diperoleh selama observasi netnografi online partisipan di komunitas pedofilia. Data yang diperoleh selama observasi netnografi online didokumentasikan dalam bentuk pengarsipan digital dan dicatat dalam bentuk field note untuk dianalisis. Analisis modalitas dalam penelitian ini menggunakan model dimensi analisis wacana kritis (AWK) Fairclough berupa deksripsi, interpretasi, dan eksplanasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam komunitas pedofilia terdapat praktik kuasa yang dilakukan oleh pelaku kejahatan dengan menggunakan kata kerja modal linguistik. Temuan dari penelitian ini adanya modalitas sebagai fitur lingual praktik kuasa yang meliputi (1) nilai relasional modalitas yang ditandai dengan menggunakan modal mungkin, akan, dan bisa, dan (2) nilai ekspresif modalitas diungkapkan dengan menggunakan modal harus. Simpulan penelitian ini dari analisis kritis terhadap nilai relasional modalitas dan nilai ekspresif modalitas terdapat praktik kuasa sebagai konstruksi realitas sosial dari komunitas pedofilia.

Tabulating HOLC Area Description Sheet Data

In the 1930s, the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC) oversaw a massive federal program that graded thousands of urban neighborhoods. The precise aims of this infamous program are still disputed, but the grading criteria were almost certainly devised to convey the level of risk each area posed to property investors. The Digital Scholarship Lab at the University of Richmond has graciously digitized the maps and field notes produced by the HOLC and have made them freely available to the public. While these “redlining” maps have received considerable academic and media attention, the field notes used to assign risk grades—available for most cities in their “area description sheets”—remain virtually unusable for most multi-city analyses. Addressing this problem, I convert three of the most consequential variables from the description sheets for 129 cities into an accessible and analyzable tabular format. These include the average building age, Black population percentage, and “foreign-born” population percentage. In addition, I organize the description sheets into three semi-compatible tables, assisting future researchers incorporate other HOLC field note variables into their projects.

Field note use in family medicine residency training: learning needs revealed or avoided?

Background Field notes (FNs) are used in Family Medicine residency programs to foster reflective learning and facilitate formative assessment. Residents assess their strengths and weaknesses and develop action plans for further improvement. This study explored the use of FNs in the University of Manitoba’s Family Medicine residency program 5 years after their implementation. Methods This multi-method study examined 520 FNs from 16 recent graduates from the University of Manitoba Family Medicine residency program. Quantitative analysis (frequencies and means) enabled descriptions and comparisons between training sites. Four themes emerged from inductive content analysis highlighting common ideas reflected upon. Results Residents displayed cyclical variation in the FN generation over 2 years. Eight of the 99 Priority Topics (addressing complex psychosocial issues) were not captured in this data set. The domains of Care of First Nations, Inuit, and Metis; Care of the Vulnerable and Underserved; and Behavioural Medicine and the CanMEDS-FM roles of FM – Procedural Skill, Leader/Manager, and Professional were less frequently reflected upon. Four themes (Patient-Centered Care, Patient Safety, Achieving Balance, and Confidence) were identified from qualitative analysis of residents’ narrative notes. Conclusions Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory of Cognitive Development was proposed as a lens through which to examine factors influencing resident learning. Residents’ discomfort with certain topics may lead to avoidance in reflecting upon certain competencies in FNs, impacting skill acquisition. Further research should explore factors influencing residents’ perceptions FNs and how to best assist residents in becoming competent, confident practitioners.

Enhancing Students’ Critical Thinking in Writing Through Group Investigation Strategy Assisted by Digital Story Board Media

This research deals with classroom action research aiming to enhance students' critical thinking in writing through the application of group investigation strategies assisted by digital storyboard media. The study was carried out in cycles following Kemmis’ cycle process. The subjects of this study were 33 grade X students of SMA Al-Hikmah Medan in 2019/2020 academic year. The data were collected by employing observation, field-note and writing test. After completing the study, the result shows that the implementation of group investigation strategy assisted by digital story board media significantly improved students’ critical thinking in writing. This is represented by the increase of students’ writing achievement, students’ learning activities and teacher’s performance in teaching. In the first cycle, the number of students passing the standard qualifying of writing set by the school was only 13 students (39.39 %) and improved substantially in cycle two reaching 26 students (78.79 %). The students’ learning activity also progressed considerably as presented in the average score from 67.6% in cycle one to 86% in cycle two. Further, the improvement of teacher’ teaching performance between cycle one and cycle two achieved 23.36% or from 66% in cycle one to 89.36%.