The Spanish-Mexica War

2020 ◽  
pp. 197-226
Author(s):  
David M. Carballo
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Old World ◽  
Native Communities ◽  
Imperial Capital ◽  
City State

The decisive Spanish-Mexica war is covered in this chapter. The war lasted for close to two years but alternated between periods of uneasy diplomacy with the Great Speaker Moctezuma and other Mexica leaders and violent battles. Most important were the expulsion of the Spaniards and their allies from Tenochtitlan and their retreat to Tlaxcala, where they regrouped and were resupplied from boats landing in Veracruz, during which time a disease epidemic devastated Native communities. More Mesoamerican allies joined the Spaniards as the war progressed, including, most importantly, the second most powerful Aztec city-state of Texcoco. It was from here that Cortés launched small ships onto the lake surrounding the imperial capital and brought naval and siege battle tactics, born of millennia of bloodshed in the Old World, to the New World.

Sleepwalking into a New World

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Wickham
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Civic Culture ◽  
Old Order ◽  
The People ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
Italian City ◽  
New Form ◽  
City States ◽  
City State

Amid the disintegration of the Kingdom of Italy in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, a new form of collective government—the commune—arose in the cities of northern and central Italy. This book takes a bold new look at how these autonomous city-states came about, and fundamentally alters our understanding of one of the most important political and cultural innovations of the medieval world. The book provides richly textured portraits of three cities—Milan, Pisa, and Rome—and sets them against a vibrant backcloth of other towns. It argues that, in all but a few cases, the élite of these cities and towns developed one of the first nonmonarchical forms of government in medieval Europe, unaware that they were creating something altogether new. The book makes clear that the Italian city commune was by no means a democracy in the modern sense, but that it was so novel that outsiders did not know what to make of it. It describes how, as the old order unraveled, the communes emerged, governed by consular elites “chosen by the people,” and subject to neither emperor nor king. They regularly fought each other, yet they grew organized and confident enough to ally together to defeat Frederick Barbarossa, the German emperor, at the Battle of Legnano in 1176. This book reveals how the development of the autonomous city-state took place, which would in the end make possible the robust civic culture of the Renaissance.

scholarly journals Amerigo Vespucci's Contribution to the Modernization of Cartographic Representation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyula Pápay
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Old World ◽  
University Library ◽  
The City

AbstractIn 2019, the Rostock University Library acquired the report by Amerigo Vespucci (1454–1512) on transatlantic discoveries, which was published in 1505 by the city secretary Hermann Barckhusen (c 1460–1528/29) in Rostock under the title “Epistola Albericij. De novo mundo” [1505] and, unlike other editions, was published with a map. The special feature of the map is that it is the oldest map with a globular projection. Vespucci reported in a letter dated July 18, 1500 to Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici about his voyage 1499–1500, which is an important source for the fact that his longitude determinations contributed to the realization that the transatlantic discoveries were about a continent. The letter also contains evidence that Vespucci was the originator of the globular projection. This marked the beginning of a departure from ancient traditions regarding the projections for world maps. To enable the combined representation of the “old world” together with the “new world” in one map, Vespucci's projection was later modified into an oval map, which was used, for example, by Franzesco Rosselli, Sebastian Münster and Abraham Ortelius.

scholarly journals SINE Insertions in Cladistic Analyses and the Phylogenetic Affiliations of Tarsius bancanus to Other Primates

Genetics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 157 (2) ◽  
pp. 777-784
Author(s):  
Jürgen Schmitz ◽  
Martina Ohme ◽  
Hans Zischler
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
World Monkey ◽  
Old World ◽  
Alu Elements ◽  
Alu Sequences ◽  
Short Interspersed Elements ◽  
Divergence Point ◽  
Tarsius Bancanus ◽  
Cladistic Analyses ◽  
The Common

Abstract Transpositions of Alu sequences, representing the most abundant primate short interspersed elements (SINE), were evaluated as molecular cladistic markers to analyze the phylogenetic affiliations among the primate infraorders. Altogether 118 human loci, containing intronic Alu elements, were PCR analyzed for the presence of Alu sequences at orthologous sites in each of two strepsirhine, New World and Old World monkey species, Tarsius bancanus, and a nonprimate outgroup. Fourteen size-polymorphic amplification patterns exhibited longer fragments for the anthropoids (New World and Old World monkeys) and T. bancanus whereas shorter fragments were detected for the strepsirhines and the outgroup. From these, subsequent sequence analyses revealed three Alu transpositions, which can be regarded as shared derived molecular characters linking tarsiers and anthropoid primates. Concerning the other loci, scenarios are represented in which different SINE transpositions occurred independently in the same intron on the lineages leading both to the common ancestor of anthropoids and to T. bancanus, albeit at different nucleotide positions. Our results demonstrate the efficiency and possible pitfalls of SINE transpositions used as molecular cladistic markers in tracing back a divergence point in primate evolution over 40 million years old. The three Alu insertions characterized underpin the monophyly of haplorhine primates (Anthropoidea and Tarsioidea) from a novel perspective.

Efficiency of whole‐exome sequencing in old world and new world primates using human capture reagents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannie Chan ◽  
Wen Yao ◽  
Timothy D. Howard ◽  
Gregory A. Hawkins ◽  
Michael Olivier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exome Sequencing ◽  
Whole Exome Sequencing ◽  
New World ◽  
New World Primates ◽  
Old World ◽  
Whole Exome

Developments in the Archaeology of Nuclear America, 1935-60

1961 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon R. Willey
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
New World ◽  
Ethnic Identification ◽  
Origins Of Agriculture ◽  
Old World ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Culture Process

AbstractArchaeological developments in the zone extending from Mesoamerica to the Andes are summarized in terms of the following topics: early man, the origins of agriculture, the interrelationships of the Nuclear American cultures, the ethnic identification of archaeological complexes, horizonal and tradition formulations, the place of Nuclear America in the hemisphere, relationships between the New World and the Old World, the rise of native American civilizations, and main trends since 1935. These trends include increasing chronological control, greater awareness of context, growing interest in culture process, and more clarity and precision in definitions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document