Secured Cotabato City State Polytechnic College Web-Based Student Clearance System

The study describes the Secured CCSPC Web-Based Student Clearance System's use and predicted effects. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP), Sublime editor, Bootstrap, and MySQL as the database tool were used to create the clearance system. This system includes two-factor authentication for students and designated offices. In the clearance system, a Secure Socket Layer (SSL) for data transit, as well as a software firewall and anti-SQL Injection attack, were offered and implemented. The CCSPC Portal was linked to the web-based student clearance system and Web API, with Web API acting as a bridge between SIMone and the clearance system. SIMone's role is to offer just a limited amount of information on the web-based clearing, such as designated office operations, account status from the Cashier, and student profiles from the Registrar. Students and the approved offices in charge of signing the student clearance include the Graduating Class Association (GCA) Treasurer, Laboratory Custodian, Cashier, Librarian, Academic Related Services (ARS), SPEED Director, Department Chairperson, College Dean, and the Registrar. The ISO 9126-1 International Standard Tool for Software Evaluation, on the other hand, was utilized in the CCSPC beneficiaries' surveys to test the system's effectiveness and reliability.

THE MEDIEVAL ISLAMIC COMMENTARY ON PLATO’S REPUBLIC: IBN RUSHD’S PERSPECTIVE ON THE POSITION AND POTENTIAL OF WOMEN

This paper investigates the twelfth-century commentary on Plato’s Republic by the Andalusian Muslim philosopher Ibn Rushd (Averroes). Ibn Rushd is considered to be the only Muslim philosopher who commented on the Republic. Written around 375 BC, Plato’s Republic discusses the order and character of a just city-state and contains revolutionary ideas on the position and qualities of women, which remained contested also in Ibn Rushd’s time. This Muslim philosopher is primarily known as the most esteemed commentator of Aristotle. However, for the lack of an Arabic translation of Aristotle’s Politics, Ibn Rushd commented on the political theory of Aristotle’s teacher, i.e. Plato’s Republic, instead. In his commentary, Ibn Rushd juxtaposes examples from Plato’s context and those from contemporary Muslim societies. Notably, when he diverges from the text, he does not drift off toward more patriarchal, Aristotelian interpretations. On the contrary, he argues that women are capable of being rulers and philosophers, that their true competencies remain unknown as long as they are deprived of education, and that this situation is detrimental to the flourishing of the city. This article aims to critically analyse Ibn Rushd’s statements on the position of women, as well as their reception in scholarly literature.

The Principles of The City-State in Aflatun’s View

Aflatun’s thoughts, as great Greek philosopher, are still counted as one of the best references in terms of political philosophy and are in practice in the world of politics. Aflatun owns a utopian state based on the foundation of justice and virtue. Aflatun’s state, ruled by philosopher-kings, is characterized by having particular thoughts about the system of education. Politics is vitally important within Aflatun’s philosophy. It is regarded as means of planning his utopian city. Aflatun believes that political systems can be classified, in accordance to their ruling type, into aristocracy, timocracy, oligarchy, democracy, monarchy and dictatorship. Among them, Aflatun believes that aristocracy is the best since it’s practiced by a philosopher-king. Aflatun in his ideal state refers to metaphysics as an important basic of his utopian city. Aflatun’s view is that the ideal state can only be cherished in the life of hereafter, though those in power may be able to find some sort of the ideal life in this world. The philosopher-kings, on the other hand, are able to practice such an ideal life in this world. In Aflatun’s view, any sort of change happening in the world from the perfection towards the imperfection and weakness. This is due to the unstable feature of the world that never stays constantly. Only God is characterized by stableness and mortality. Aflatun thinks that ‘ethics’ is one of the practical fields of philosophy which shows the will of any human being that depends on performing the duty of individuals in the society to establish social justice. Aflatun states that education refers to the right preparation of human beings to suit the world of justice. He sees the education as the highest virtue. Aflatun repeats that all the social city-state classes have to get the proper education formed in certain phases based on the age of the citizens.

The Definition of Sovereign: Comparative Analysis of J. Austin's and C. Schmitt's Concepts

The purpose of this research article is to compare the concepts of John Austin and Carl Schmitt on the definition of sovereign - finding the similarities and differences between them. The article analyzes the constitutional law of such states as the Russian Federation and the Vatican City State as a practical application of the results of comparing the concepts of determining the sovereign. In the analysis of the constitutional law of the Russian Federation, the results of the study of the concept of John Austin are used, and in the analysis of the constitutional law of the Vatican City State, the results of the study of the concept of Carl Schmitt are used. The subject of research, the definition of sovereign, is one of the most important topics of Theory of State and Law, therefore, everything stated in the article contributes to the development of understanding of statehood and legal systems and opens new opportunities for study and discussion in the scientific world.

THE NEPSO AND OPINION EDUCATIVE SURVEY IN LATIN AMERICA: DISCUSSIONS ON STATISTICAL LITERACY IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF THIS APPROACH

In this paper, the objective is to discuss some aspects of statistical literacy in the context of conducting an educative project of opinion survey in the perspective of the teaching-learning approach of the Nossa Escola Pesquisa Sua Opinião (Nepso) Program or “our school survey your opinion”, in English. This Program, with centers created in some regions of Brazil, Latin America and Europe, consists of the dissemination of the use of opinion survey as a pedagogical tool through an eight-step methodology. This discussion is supported by a qualitative research, of participant observation, whose empirical research was based on the holding of eight meetings for the development of an opinion survey based on a theme chosen by a group of 16 students aged 13-14 years at a public school from Belo Horizonte city, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Of these eight meetings, one was selected to explore the analysis model we call the Nepso Process, which was based on the non-fragmentation of this teaching-learning approach to the detriment of a fragmented analysis. For such, the data were analyzed in a descriptive and interpretive manner, coherent with the qualitative nature of the research. Thus, it was found that Nepso is a methodology capable of stimulating statistical literacy in students through steps that link competencies and skills needed to work with projects. Abstract: Portuguese Neste artigo, objetivamos discutir alguns aspectos do letramento estatístico no âmbito da realização de um projeto educativo de pesquisa de opinião na perspectiva da abordagem de ensino-aprendizagem do Programa Nossa Escola Pesquisa Sua Opinião (Nepso). Esse Programa, com polos criados em algumas regiões do Brasil, América Latina e Europa, consiste na disseminação do uso da pesquisa de opinião como ferramenta pedagógica por meio de uma metodologia baseada em oito etapas. Tal discussão está amparada em uma investigação qualitativa, de observação participante, cuja pesquisa empírica baseou-se na realização de oito encontros para o desenvolvimento de uma pesquisa de opinião a partir de um tema escolhido por um grupo de 16 estudantes de 13-14 anos de uma escola pública da cidade de Belo Horizonte, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Desses oito encontros, um foi selecionado para perscrutar o modelo de análise que chamamos de Processo Nepso que consistiu na não-fragmentação dessa abordagem de ensino-aprendizagem em prol de estratos de análise. Para tanto, os dados foram analisados de forma descritiva e interpretativa, coerente com a natureza qualitativa da pesquisa. Destarte, verificou-se que o Nepso é uma metodologia capaz de estimular algum letramento estatístico nos estudantes por meio das suas etapas de trabalho que vinculam competências e habilidades necessárias ao trabalho com projetos.

When Cities Borrow State Power: New York State's Empire State Development Corporation in New York City

Since the late 1960's New York State's Urban Development Corporation (UDC), now operating as the Empire State Development Corporation (ESDC), has been leveraged by New York City government to pursue large-scale projects. This paper examines two cases from New York City in which the city borrowed a state-controlled public authority's power to accomplish projects initiated at the local level: the case of Queens West, a development in western Queens, proposed in the early 1980s, and the case of Columbia - Manhattanville, an expansion of the Columbia University campus into Harlem, announced in 2003. These cases highlight how cities might, at times, embrace state involvement rather than lament its restrictions or rue its indifference. The study concludes by suggesting a theoretical path for incorporating such a city-state dynamic.

Urbanizing Islands: A Critical History of Singapore's Offshore Islands

While Singapore is often considered an island city in the singular sense, the city-state actually consists of many islands, with the Singapore mainland being by far the largest. While most of these islands traditionally had thriving indigenous communities, all have since been displaced over time as the islands were developed to service Singapore's economic and metabolic needs as a rapidly urbanizing and developing nation. Some of the islands have also undergone considerable transformation (through reclamation) which has had significant impacts on the ecologies of the offshore islands. This simultaneously allowed for the ‘ruralization’ of mainland Singapore to provide more green space for nature conservation, recreation and leisure. This paper will provide a brief history of these transformations, drawing on specific examples which serve to illustrate how Singapore's offshore islands have been redeveloped over time to service the nation-state and in response to the changing needs of the urban core. In doing so, the paper examines how spaces on the urban periphery are deeply bound up with processes of ‘urbanization’, given their important role in processes of urban metabolism. In this way, the paper contributes to recent work in urban political ecology which has sought to trace processes of urbanization beyond the city and render visible the socio-environmental inequalities produced therein.

Quintilian and Declamation

This chapter explores Quintilian’s views on declamation, which are rather more nuanced than it is sometimes assumed, against various backgrounds. After an introduction which presents the essential features of suasoriae and especially controversiae to the reader, it zooms in on the conflicting theories with which our ancient sources present us on the origins of declamation. It then offers an extensive tour of Sophistopolis, the fictitious Graeco-Roman city-state in which declamatory conflicts unfold. After a survey of what ancient critics wrote about declamation, the chapter assesses Quintilian’s position among them. What exactly are we to make of the phrase, so often quoted without further comment, that ‘so long as they are adapted to real life and resemble real speeches they are very useful’ (10.5.14)? It will turn out that Quintilian appears to take contradicting positions about this throughout his Institutio, and that this does not harm his teaching but rather enriches it. The chapter concludes with a brief survey of the four extant collections of Roman declamations.

Food Security and COVID-19: Impacts and Resilience in Singapore

Across the world, the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted food supply chains and threatened food security. Singapore is highly dependent on food imports and has an open economy that exposes it to volatile global markets, so it is acutely vulnerable to the effects of the pandemic on other countries, the effectiveness of measures taken by foreign governments to combat the spread of the virus and overall disruptions of international trade links. Proactive and reactive steps have been taken to protect Singapore's food supply chains against the adverse impacts of COVID-19. In this paper, we discuss food security in the city state, the impacts of COVID-19 in the population, the local production, and imports from two main trade partners: Malaysia and China. We conclude by acknowledging the complexity of achieving food security under the very difficult circumstances.