Bureaucratic Influence and Policymaking

2019 ◽  
pp. 113-143
Author(s):  
John R. McAndrews ◽  
Bert A. Rockman ◽  
Colin Campbell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Policy Decisions ◽  
Policy Alternatives ◽  
National Trend ◽  
Institutional Differences ◽  
Cross National

This chapter examines the influence that senior career officials in the bureaucracy have on the policy decisions that politicians make. It argues that institutional differences tend to facilitate more bureaucratic influence in Canada than in the United States (U.S.). Furthermore, it contends that the greater the influence of these career bureaucrats on the policy formulation process, the more carefully policy alternatives are considered—and, ultimately, the better the selected policy tends to perform overall. The chapter illustrates these arguments with a pair of historical vignettes concerning Canadian and American defense and environmental policymaking, as well as examples drawn from the Obama and Trump administrations and the Harper and Trudeau governments. It concludes with a discussion of the growing cross-national trend toward the politicization of the career bureaucracy.

President Kennedy and the Neutralization of Laos

1969 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth L. Hill
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Decisions ◽  
Policy Alternatives ◽  
President Elect

SoonAfter John F. Kennedy became President, difficult foreign policy decisions had to be made. Even before he assumed the burdens of office, he knew an early judgment would be required concerning United States policies vis-à-vis Laos. Throughout 1960, Communist forces in Laos and their allies won numerous military victories and the Laotian Royal Army was unable to check their advances. The United States and other SEATO members were understandably disturbed. They now had to contemplate a total Communist victory with all its potentially painful and embarrassing consequences. These consequences worried President-elect Kennedy and prior to his inauguration, he and his advisors began systematically examining all their policy alternatives; they found that none were really attractive.

scholarly journals Alternatif Perumusan Kebijakan Pemulihan Ekonomi Nasional dalam Masa Pandemi Covid19

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ona Martha Nurron
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Policy Alternatives ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Data Policy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Research Analysis

The purpose of this research is to explore the process of national economic recovery policy formulation, how it was regulated, and searching the alternatives to overcome economic problems along with its benefit and value for businesses and the general public amidst the covid19 pandemic. The qualitative descriptive method is utilized based on the systematic literature review of secondary data. Policy alternatives are determined by comparing policies in two countries, Indonesia and the United States of America. By observing the impact and cause beyond the scope, policy alternatives could be more easily identified, selected, and implemented according to their political feasibility. In accordance with identifying policy alternatives model which divide into two categories, Indonesia’s government employed temporary research analysis while United States federal governments were applying status quo analysis.

Cross-National Comparison of School Victimization Between Canada and the United States

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian J. Cohen ◽  
Christine Ateah ◽  
Joseph Ducette ◽  
Matthew Mahon ◽  
Alexander Tabori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Comparison ◽  
School Victimization ◽  
Cross National

scholarly journals Family caregiving and place of death: Insights from cross-national analysis of the Harmonized End of Life Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Ailshire ◽  
Margarita Osuna ◽  
Jenny Wilkens ◽  
Jinkook Lee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Family Caregiving ◽  
The United States ◽  
Place Of Death ◽  
Life Data ◽  
Cross National ◽  
At Home

Abstract Objectives Family is largely overlooked in research on factors associated with place of death among older adults. We determine if family caregiving at the end of life is associated with place of death in the United States and Europe. Methods We use the Harmonized End of Life data sets developed by the Gateway to Global Aging Data for the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). We conducted multinomial logistic regression on 7,113 decedents from 18 European countries and 3,031 decedents from the United States to determine if family caregiving, defined based on assistance with activities of daily living, was associated with death at home versus at a hospital or nursing home. Results Family caregiving was associated with reduced odds of dying in a hospital and nursing home, relative to dying at home in both the United States and Europe. Care from a spouse/partner or child/grandchild was both more common and more strongly associated with place of death than care from other relatives. Associations between family caregiving and place of death were generally consistent across European welfare regimes. Discussion This cross-national examination of family caregiving indicates that family-based support is universally important in determining where older adults die. In both the United States and in Europe, most care provided during a long-term illness or disability is provided by family caregivers, and it is clear families exert tremendous influence on place of death.

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